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651.More information
The problem of choosing a standard language for international relations has an importance that goes beyond the need of easing the communication. It involves the choice of a common ground where a deeper cultural dispute will take place. Such dispute is not only culturally broader, but it also encompasses the juridical-diplomatic dimension: it is the dispute over the meaning of the words. The predominance of a single language for international relations hides political and economical issues that echo in the life of a country and, consequently, in its juridical culture. It is not about the denial of the usefulness of adopting a standard language, but it is about the defence of the legitimacy in seeking a global society that is more adapted to live with the linguistic pluralism and, consequently, with the several national juridical cultures.
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654.More information
The diorama on the rue Sanson in Paris (1822–39) created a blended image by rotating the auditorium between two tableaux, each painted back and front and illuminated with colored light to create a sense of animation. What I call the “diorama effect” is the way the diorama used projection and reflection—both literally and figuratively—to create the illusion of places and characters known to the audience while simultaneously dissolving these references, seemingly into thin air. The 1825 diorama, the example in this essay, featured a tableau by Charles-Marie Bouton depicting a view of Paris and its new gas meter, and a second tableau by Louis Daguerre presenting a colonnade that disappears. To understand the way that these tableaux participated in then-contemporary debates on gaslight each is read in relation to narratives from the time—notably, the program notes for the diorama, the popular fairy tale of Aladdin and the magic lamp, and public debates in which the gas lamp figures as a political symbol of insurrection or, conversely, as a romantic symbol of exoticism.
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660.More information
This paper shows how Catalan Gypsies succeed in developing health-related initiatives at a time when health care and social services are all unanimously admitting that they find it very hard to fulfil their missions with these groups. Gypsy behaviour collectively, with respect to medical consultation and follow-up, has been described as anarchic and ignoring the territorial organization of health-care institutions, at the same time as AIDS, associated with heavy injection drug use, is reportedly decimating Gypsy clans. A mapping of travel undertaken to access health care suggests that, while traditional nomadism may have died out, extensive transborder territorial networks are still being activated, enabling types of mobilization unknown among other populations.