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1581.
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1582.
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1583.
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1584.More information
AbstractThe subway grate scene in The Seven Year Itch is placed in context, creating a “montage of attractions” that illuminates the iconic images of Marilyn Monroe. Parallels in earlier films situate these images in cinematic history, while later references to them demonstrate their continuing modernity. The “wondrous revealment” of women's undergarments is also a common theme in literature. Freud's writings on sexuality explain this preoccupation, while Barthes's focus upon the erotic character of “intermittence” points to fundamental differences between “appearance-as-disappearance” in cinema and literature and the treatment of similar subjects by still photographers.
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1585.
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1586.More information
Structuralism can be considered a dominant trend in postwar France, shaping as it did an intellectual normalcy that lets us contrast exceptions. This paper focuses on two of these exceptions—Jean Borie and Henri Lefebvre—especially through the motif of the couple. Since they both stress ideological and ethical norms that condemn any “French bachelor” (Borie) or generate a mass-produced humanity (Lefebvre), these authors also stress a type of terrorism that existed in a sixties' French society that still resisted any dissension. The exceptional nature of these authors is also rhetorical : Borie's and Lefebvre's discourses rely mainly on a fictional ethos and develop a Utopia that dismisses “progressives” and “conservatives” without explicitly favouring either. The next generation of philosophers will force back the political dimension of this thinking.
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1587.
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1588.More information
The medicalization of addictive behaviors is a more and more privileged modality of social control. How does a condition like addiction behavior pass from a social status to a disease and medical status ? On what scientific and ideological basis does the discourse on medicalization permit to make these behaviors socially more acceptable, more desirable ? With a review of the literature, this article wishes to put the focus on the social tendency of medicalization in the field of addictions. To that end, four aspects will be privileged : 1- an attempt to define the medicalization process ; 2- an illustration of two emerging addictions : cyberaddiction and addiction to plastic surgery ; 3- an analysis of the addiction concept as a multifactor phenomenon ; 4- a critical view of the 12-step philosophy as it plays a major ideological role in the medicalization process. In conclusion, some paths of intervention and empowerment are suggested.
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1589.More information
The article aims to grasp the role of the symbolic code in the scaffolding of the narrative unity of Le Rouge et le Noir, through the theme of the horse. Although the symbolic dimension seems excluded from Stendhal's poetics (Racine & Shakspeare), and many of its commentators criticize it for « a writing without images », equestrian themes and symbols nevertheless play a central role in as elements guaranteeing the coherence of the narrative discourse. The article first presents the symbolic potentialities underlying the Stendhalian poetics of the novel. Then, the topos of the horse is presented both as a theme and as a symbol in the narrative structure of the Le Rouge et le Noir. Finally, the use of symbolism in Le Rouge et le Noir is seen as a tool to confess the fictional artifice itself, so as to compromise the "perfect illusion" of the fiction and, therefore, prevent any complete identification of the readership with the figure of Julien.
Keywords: Stendhal, Stendhal, symbole, symbol, cheval, horse, roman, novel, theory, théorie, Julien, Julien, Red, Rouge, Black, Noir
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1590.More information
“It is so natural to think that it is color that constitutes the essence of humanity, that the peoples of Asia who make eunuchs always deprive blacks of their relationship to us in a more decisive way. The color of the skin may be judged by that of the hair, which among the Egyptians, the best philosophers in the world, was of such great consequence that they put to death all the redhaired men who fell into their hands.” This quote from On the Spirit of Law is famous. Montesquieu leaves no doubt as to the veracity of the facts he reports. According to him, in ancient Egypt, prevention against individuals convicted of the crime of having red hair bordered on genocide ! But our philosopher is not a man to treat erudition with casualness. Recorded as an exemplum a contrario, the absurd cruelty of the “best philosophers in the world” seems to be taken at face value, and the systematic extermination of redheads as a proven practice. The discrimination against redheads is ancestral : wickedness, lechery, felony, nauseating smell, demonic character, the avatars of prejudice are innumerable. This strange fascination – a mixture attraction and repulsion – has been perpetuated from century to century, almost everywhere in the Christian West, like a rumor that builds up and spreads, to the point of becoming an unanimously recognized, and in the end indisputable, truth. Was the XVIIIth century, the scourge of superstition and outrages against Reason, going to put a brake on the circulation of a received idea that was as stupid as it was unseemly ? Everything would urge us to believe so, if the return to the texts did not dampen the spontaneous optimism of the researcher and encourage him to exercise caution. How can one be a redhead in the Age of Enlightenment ? This is the question that this paper will try to answer.