Documents found
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91.More information
The paper provides a series of responses to the papers published in Vol. 37, No. 3, of this journal that explored the ideas in Harald Wohlrapp's The Concept of Argument (2014), where arguing is understood as the theoretical or theory-forming activity that can be found in research of all kinds. Thus, the approach taken focuses on the validity of theses. This approach is clarified further as the author considers points raised by his commentators and provides answers and, where necessary, corrections.
Keywords: justification, objections, objectivity, rhetorical argument, thetical validity, transsubjectivity
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92.More information
AbstractThis study proposes three goals. First of all, it shows the limits of behaviorist and sociological approaches on rumors, which consider the phenomenon as a social pathology. Secondly, it proposes a hypothesis, based on Enunciation theory, which describes the individual discourse as a schema in which stereotypes and clichés are intertwined and are linked to axiological systems. Finally, a lesson seems to emerge, stating that discourses such a rumor have a strong argumentative component which stems from the shared values established between the enunciator and the receptor. This axiological system produces dichotomies which distinguishes what is acceptable and non acceptable, what is good and bad. This theoretical framework is put to use in the study of social discourse in Rwanda before and after the 1994 genocide, or what is known as “ the Tutsi plot ”.
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94.More information
AbstractBased on a renewed reading of Artistotie's Rhetoric and on recent research in the area of language, the author constructs a systemic model of written argumentative discourse which is seen as preliminary to the development of a didactic process of argumentative reasoning in french class (at secondary and college levels). This article presents a portion of the structural properties of this type of discourse by defining the essential components and then proposes an alternative view to that currently described in the teaching of argumentative discours.
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95.More information
In 1970 the voting age in Canada changed from 21 to 18. Since then, there have been calls to lower it further, most commonly to age 16. Against the motion, however, it has been argued that youth may lack the ability to exercise a mature and informed vote. This paper argues against that worry and shows how restricting youth from voting on the basis of a misbelief about their abilities amounts to an epistemic injustice.
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96.More information
AbstractRefutation is a discursive processus which can be realized at the level of the sentence or at the level of the conclusions derivable from the sentence. By studying examples where a refutative strategy is linked to the presence of a marker at the level of the sentence, one can establish a definition in terms of a discursive rhetorics and an integrated rhetorics.
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97.More information
In this paper I will argue that there is an inductive and a non-inductive argument from position to know, and will characterise the latter as an argument from (epistemic) authority because of providing content-independent reasons. I will also argue that both types of argument should be doubt-preserving: testimony cannot justify a stronger cognitive attitude in the arguer than the expert herself expresses when she testifies. Failure to appreciate this point undercuts Mizrahi’s (2013) claim that arguments from expert opinion are weak.
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98.More information
The objective of this paper is to examine the thought of John Philoponus contra Aristotle, as it pertains to consciousness and its emergence, in light of both contemporary cosmology and philosophy. It will be argued that in an eternal universe the emergence of consciousness is an impossibility. The inspiration for this line of reasoning is found in Philoponus' sixth century arguments against Aristotle on the eternity of the world. It will be shown that much of Philoponus' argumentation is corroborated by contemporary cosmology and philosophy.