Documents found
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102.More information
AbstractThe aim of this study was threefold : first, to define which part of the Marseille's population constituted the target population of the Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (E.F.S. A-M), as a health institution; second, to assess the recovery between the population diversity observed in Marseille, compared to the one existing in the Marseille's blood donors population; third, to determine whether E.F.S. A-M might be considered as an observatory of the Marseille's population diversity. Results show that the blood donor's population is younger and more feminine than the Marseille's population. Furthermore, if foreign donors are underrepresented, it appears that blood donations from their children allow the recovery of the Marseille's population diversity. Finally, E.F.S. A-M is an original observatory of Marseille's population. Because the composition of its target population, reflecting the participation of Marseille's population – French and foreign – to blood donation, also allow the study of the participation of Marseille's generations of foreign origin to blood donation as a citizen act.
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103.More information
ABSTRACTThe review of pollen data on mangrove pollen deposition in modern and late Quaternary sediments of West Africa points to two distinct signals linked to the sedimentary environment concerned. Along the littoral and on the slope of the continental shelf, mangrove peat deposits recording more than 40% of Rhizophora percentages reflect the postglacial sea-level rise and give evidence for the associated paleogeographical modifications (e.g. during the Nouakchottian transgression). Deep oceanic records show that the mangrove was present along the West African coasts during the Late Glacial Maximum reflecting local conditions of fresh water input and sea surface temperatures not as low as previously suggested. Mangrove developed after 12 500 BP as far north as 21°N; its maximum extension was recorded ca. 9500 BP reflecting the enhanced monsoon circulation over West Africa.
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104.More information
As the mother French possession in Africa, Senegal was always considered as an old colony and this has created the impression that its formation as a politico-territorial unit was not so much the result of the scramble for Africa or yet did not really depend on the coloniser's discretion. Now that present-day Senegal has existed for 70 years, it could be tempting to conclude from this impression that this colony was merely super-imposed on a field of historico-social forces where a nation was in gestation. However, such an assumption would be much too conjectural. First the original heterogeneity of the population seems to impair this view. Secondly, the evolution of Senegal as a colony suggests clearly that it was tied to external decisions and actions and to issues which went far beyond it. Thirdly, French rule in Senegal shows that the coloniser, who did not consider traditional cultural and political distributions, has had a decisive influence on the formation of Senegal as a political territorical unit.
Keywords: Géographie politique, formation territoriale, communauté territoriale, régime colonial, impact colonial, ethnies, Sénégal, Political geography, territorial formation, territorial community, colonial rule, colonial impact, ethnic groups, Sénégal
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105.More information
Since the 70's, an institutional framework aiming at creating an area of free movement of people has been formulated mainly under the auspices of the Economic Community of West African States (ecowas). However, to date, very few studies have examined the recent dynamics of the regional management of migration in West Africa. This article therefore aims to fill this gap by analyzing these dynamics in the context of changes in relations between Europe and Africa regarding the immigration issue.
Keywords: politiques migratoires, intégration régionale, Afrique de l'Ouest, cedeao, migration policy, regional integration, West Africa, ecowas
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106.More information
The theory of functionalism is based on the notion that the cumulative effect of "functional" activities will tend to influence the political aims of governments towards more cooperation and fewer conflicts. This has not been the case in ICAO and it remains to be seen whether technical cooperation can transcend the vested national interests of states in the other aspects of civil aviation. Anything that is non-technical is likely to be political in nature, even when such issues come up before the ICAO Council, under the guise of technical problems. Any expectation that political and functional activities in aviation could be separated were dashed as soon as ICAO joined the United Nations System. As a consequence, it is bound to follow political positions which do not necessarily accord with its mandate and with the requirements of air transport.
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107.More information
One characteristic of southern cities is urban sprawl, usually in combination with a highly marked dynamic of socio-spatial differentiation. The situation in the city of Dakar, Senegal's main pole of attraction where the most important functions of the nation's activities are carried out, was used to develop a methodological approach for an analysis of socio-spatial differentiation. The purpose was to draw on multidimensional analysis methods and actual household survey data to analyze socio-spatial differentiation in the city. Our study shows that the Dakar area is vulnerable to urban sprawl as a result of the failure of the city's urban development planning policies, and deregulation of the land and housing markets, factors which have become sources of exclusion for low-income groups in the population. Further analysis of this sprawling urban area reveals a complex space, governed by a strongly marked dynamic of socio-spatial differentiation.
Keywords: Différenciation sociospatiale, ségrégation, étalement urbain, analyse multivariée, enquêtes de terrain, Dakar, Socio-spatial differentiation, segregation, urban sprawl, multivariate analysis, field studies, Dakar, Diferenciación socio-espacial, segregación, expansión urbana, análisis multivariado, encuestas de terreno, Dakar
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108.More information
Keywords: Tourisme affinitaire, résidentialité temporaire, identité territoriale
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109.More information
Djibril Diop Mambety has liberated African cinema from the prosaic form and content which characterized its beginning. “African cinema has a revolution to accomplish,” he declared, “and we will only achieve it by proposing new forms.”This article proposes to study these new forms in his film, le Franc (1994), by analyzing :The re-appropriation of African traditional culture. For instance, the “fantastic” elements, which characterize oral tales, occupy an important place in this film and place it within the sphere of magic realism.Montage in alternating syntagms and filming carry meaning, for instance, they accentuate the impression of solitude of the hero and emphasize the contrasts which characterize Dakar. For this analysis, we have adopted the theoretical tools suggested by James Monaco and Christian Metz.Music is used as a narrative entity. Mambety gives it a significant place in this film, by means of a great variety of instruments and of musical styles.By inventing a new language and new forms, Mambety has accomplished a revolution in film making.
Keywords: Mambety, le Franc, fantaisie musicale, ré-invention, cinéma, Mambety, le Franc, musical comedy, re-invention, cinema
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110.More information
In the early 1990s, the use of the Internet in North American electoral campaigns raised several questions about the impact of this new medium on politics, and its growing relevance has generated an increasing abundance of literature. Within this general framework, or more precisely, that of “cyberdemocracy”, this article raises various questions about the use of the Internet in Senegalese politics. The focus will be on the mediums effect on that country's recent elections, particularly on the presidential ballot held from February 22 to March 19, 2000.