Documents found
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211.More information
This article examines the relationship between population, economic growth and social development in Africa. After setting out the broad outlines of demographic dynamics and demonstrating the specificity of the continent in the general picture of demographic transitions, the authors reconsider policy debates on population and development in the light of the African situation. They analyze the general relationship between population growth and development in Africa, highlighting the specificity of the Maghreb region and the role of improvements in human capital in demographic change. On this basis, three possible future demo-economic trajectories and medium term impacts are presented. The conclusion emphasises the need for specific regional development policies.
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216.
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217.More information
This article exposes methods and results of a remote sensing exercise based on combined classifications and spatial analysis. This work was carried out as part of the EVA programme which looked at estimating the economic and social value of marine ecosystems within West African Marine Protected Areas (MPA). The remote sensing methods utilised in this study are innovative in that they stem from non supervised combined classifications and principal component analysis. These techniques offer a reliable method for the calculation of ecosystem surfaces, as well as estimation of their health status, both elements that are compulsory to the economic valuation exercises. From an application perspective, this modelling process is particularly relevant to regions of data-poor marine ecosystem mapping where biodiversity conservation is developed or large-scale areas where access is made difficult and costly in time and financial resources. Further, these results are likely to influence the identification of priority areas for conservation measures as part of the MPA management plan.
Keywords: évaluation économique, télédétection, analyse spatiale, mangrove, écosystèmes marins, aires marines protégées, littoral, Tristão, Guinée, Economic assessment, remote sensing, spatial analysis, mangrove, marine ecosystems, marine protected areas, coastal area, Tristão, Guinea
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218.More information
The study is concerned with various images of Quebecers arising from discussions with young Montrealers whose parents are immigrants (from Chile, Greece, Portugal and El Salvador). These images are analyzed in the light of the scientific literature on ethnocentricity and racial and ethnic stereotypes. We maintain that such images are not a form of inverted racism, but instead constitute one dimension of a series of fluctuating ethnic identities whose nature is constantly changing and in relation to which youth of immigrant origin have to define themselves.
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219.More information
Keywords: VIEILLISSEMENT, EXPÉRIENCES, FEMME, PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIE, SÉNÉGAL
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220.More information
The identification in Montréal of a nautical astrolabe previously unknown to specialists has prompted a new look at instruments of this type held in Canada and France. Mariners used the astrolabe to measure the elevation of the sun or the North Star and thus calculate their latitude. Cast in Lisbon in 1631, the Montreal instrument belongs to the historical collection of the Sulpician fathers. Since the context of its acquisition is unknown, this study examines a possible link with two Sulpicians – René Bréhant de Galinée, navigator, and Jean Cavelier, brother of the famous explorer Cavelier de La Salle. This research then considers the instrument within the corpus of 11 nautical astrolabes known in Canada and France. Made in Spain, France, and Portugal, these pieces shed light on the evolution of navigation practices in the North Atlantic in the 16th and 17th centuries. This study identifies Honfleur as a production centre in France. Nautical astrolabes played a role in the social construction of scientific maritime knowledge tied to the State, a process that involved religious orders, including the Montréal Sulpicians.