Documents found
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241.More information
AbstractReligious beliefs theoretically offer resources to help face traumatizing events, but they can also increase the trauma or delay its resolution. This article accounts for the experience of victims of childhood sexual abuse with respect to the Passion of Jesus. It is structured around the poles of identification with and imitation of the figure of Jesus. Not only can traditional Christian discourse prove to be harmful for the victims, but the many critical approaches developed during the twentieth century also frequently prove unsatisfactory for the victims. Thus, it remains crucial to develop a Christology that refuses the statute of divine will to suffering and to the violence from which it often results.
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243.More information
In 1940, Salvador Dalí exiled himself to the United States where he spent eight years. The stage became for him a weapon whereby he tried to conquer America. In order to seduce the always-growing audience he wished for, he came up with an accommodated surrealism in which he incorporated pop culture and grotesque images that the public was eager to see. Besides, the boards allowed him to distance himself from Breton's group and to stage his new aesthetic orientation. America gradually became the scenery of his happenings and he managed to sharpen the mask he would put on, which made him a new American icon.
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245.More information
On the basis of her personal trajectory, the author wonders how to approach the encounter between anthropology and psychoanalysis. She proposes that both disciplines may be a principle of questioning for the other and push it to reframe its own approach. The idea of the Other and the Work of culture are here considered as two mediating notions. She illustrates the heuristic potential of her proposition in relation to Indian asceticism, as an horizon to an ongoing research. She focuses on the play of de-binding and binding mechanisms in renunciation. She discusses the implications of her approach for anthropology as well as for psychoanalysis.
Keywords: Corin, ascétisme indien, renoncement, Travail de culture, altérité, passeurs, Corin, Indian Asceticism, Renunciation, Work of Culture, Otherness, Mediations, Corin, ascetismo hindú, renuncia, Trabajo de cultura, Alteridad, intermediarios
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246.More information
By adopting a pseudonym, writers can completely alter identity markers announced by their name, in terms of cultural origin, social class or gender. Many women have thus chosen male pseudonyms, whereas some men have also deployed female names. Yet these strategies differ considerably, not just in aim, but also in form, especially when they constitute a way of entering the literary field. While the pen names of female authors like Daniel Stern (Marie d'Agoult) and George Sand are immediately recognized as pseudonyms and continue to be used as such, male writers like Prosper Mérimée and Pierre Louÿs each adopted a female heteronym, Clara Gazul and Bilitis, for a specific work. The disparity in these aims and methods accentuate, however, a common trait: the literary recognition process, and access to publication, pass through a male figure, whether fictive or real, who enables entry into the literary field.
Keywords: Pseudonymie, genre, mystification, Mérimée, Sand, Sand, Louÿs, Daniel Stern, Pseudonym, gender, hoax, Mérimée, Sand, Louÿs, Daniel Stern
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247.More information
This paper represents the first scholarly analysis of the collection of portraits amassed by Catherine de' Medici (1519–1589), Queen of France, during her reign of more than forty years. The fact that no portrait has yet been identified as having belonged to her may explain why this subject has never been broached. This paper will demonstrate that Catherine had a vision in her collecting, thus contradicting Louis Dimer's 1926 opinion that she collected portraits without any specific program in mind. This article begins with a review of the main sources. Following Catherine's death, more than 250 portraits in the Hôtel de la Reine in Paris were listed in the inventory drawn up in the summer of 1589. Some documents, mainly correspondence, deal with their acquisition and name French and Italian artists. This article then looks at other European Renaissance collections of portraits. Comparisons with these reveal that Catherine de' Medici's collection – consisting of portraits of family members, political figures, rulers, kings and queens – was among the most important of her time. Moreover, it will be shown that Catherine seems to have introduced to France the new concept of an exhibition space, a gallery, entirely devoted to portraits, which was to become very popular in the seventeenth century. This essay closes with a case study exploring the exchanges of portraits between France and England in 1571 and, in particular, 1580 and 1582, thus exposing the symbolic function of portraiture in the political sphere and the role of the diplomatic corps.
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248.More information
This article proposes a study of the representation of women in three of Maryse Condé's novels for young people: Rêves amers (reprint of Haïti chérie), Savannah Blues and La Belle et la Bête, a Guadeloupean version. In these fictions, Maryse Condé challenges gender stereotypes, particularly around motherhood and the figure of the potomitan or West Indian mother-courage. She also questions sexist and racist prejudices inherited from colonialism and slavery, such as the imagery of the "mulatto", thebeautiful mixed-race woman of the islands. Through the analysis of characters common to her novels for children and adults (Ségou and Desirada), the study shows that Maryse Condé's children's literature seems a priori to seek to water down or pass under silence certain sexual violence. But this apparent self-censorship should not obscure the bold critique and questioning of the intersectionality of race, class, and gender dominance in her novels for young readers.
Keywords: littérature de jeunesse, littérature antillaise, études postcoloniales, études de genre, double lectorat, children's literature, West Indian literature, postcolonial studies, gender studies, dual readership
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249.More information
This article proposes an analysis of the clues given in printed collections by their address to a limited public and by the circulation of individual poems prior to publication. We will analyze, from the point of view of reception by successive audiences, the tension between the paradigm of generic reading of the canzoniere and a published work's inscription in a specific ethical and social context. Two very different avenues of publication are compared—involving, on the one hand, processes rooted in the context of the royal court (Jamyn and Ronsard), and on the other hand, those arising from a spouse's mourning (Christofle du Pré and Pierre de Brach). These collections, which readapt the discursive framework of Petrarchism and extend the significance of Petrarchan motifs, permit us to discern the competition between the interpretative expectations tied to the genre of the canzoniere and those tied to addressing an appropriate readership.
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250.More information
In Coricancha, the sacred complex of the Incas dedicated to the sun, and in the royal palaces, the Incas built an artificial garden containing local plants and animals made of gold and silver. The memory of these artifacts of the Incas' metalwork has survived only in colonial chronicles, among which Garcilaso de la Vega's Comentarios Reales is the most detailed and fantastic account of the Inca gardens. In his record, Garcilaso constructs a complex intermedial game by intertwining, in a telescopic manner, different representations of the garden. This article outlines the multiple dimensions through which de la Vega creates a complex universalist image of the Inca garden, at once artistic, cosmic, and imperial.