Documents found
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531.
La parole de l'État. À propos de la crise sociale qui a paralysé la France en novembre-décembre 1995
More informationAbstractThis article analyses the French social movement which opposed Juppé's social security and national railway (SNCF) reforms during the last month of 1995. This essay suggests that this crisis originated in the convergence of three breaches of government promises which despite having occurred at différent times were highlighted by Juppé's reforms: first are the Présidents électoral promises, still fresh in the memory of the people, which contradicted the reforms; second were the commitments regarding public pension liabilities which were unilaterally denounced without any compensation; and third were the Socialist government's assurances that the austerity measures undertaken since 1983, based on the strategy of competitive inflation, would result in prosperity for wage-earners.
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532.More information
SUMMARYSince 1975, one may obtain, for the province of Quebec, data on the distribution of deaths according to the home-language, and of births according to mother-tongue and home-language of the mother. In this way, it has been possible to construct life tables for each sex and according to mother-tongue (francophones, anglophones, allophones). Results show that life expectancies are the lowest for francophones. The calculation of age-specific fertility rates has demonstrated that French-speaking women, previously the most fertile, are now much less fertile than allophones, while still being just above the very low fertility level experienced by English-speaking women of Quebec.
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533.More information
Elena A. Osokina, A hierarchy of poverty. In the late 1920's and early 1930's, the development of forced industrialization in the USSR led to the disorganization of the market and to the state control of the economy. It Ls from this period that the state began to distribute material goods in society, giving priority to industry. The state supply of food and common consumer goods during the 1930's, while guaranting the vital needs of the population, coastituted one of the main foundation blocks in the establishment of a new social order. This article analyzes the government policy of food supply and shows that the first "state founded on social equality" in history presented a social stratification based on a hierarchy of poverty. The rural population was condemned to starvation by the state, while a majority of the urban population, including the pioneers of industry, was constantly undernourished. Even the ruling class, which possessed in its own country far more power than the élite of Western countries, was barely able, as far as material comforts were concerned, to reach the upper middle class standard of living in capitalist societies.
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534.More information
The objective of this study is to examine the beliefs, attitudes and sense of efficacy of college teaching personnel with regard to the education of special needs students. Teachers (n = 237) working in five Québec collegial institutions participated in data collection by answering two questionnaires: a first on beliefs and attitudes with regard to the education of special needs students (Duchesne, 2002) and a second on the sense of personal efficacy among cégep teachers (Ménard et al., 2011). The questionnaires were administered in winter 2015 at five Québec colleges. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. The results show that their sense of efficacy is high, that their general perception of human rights is positive, but that they admit to being rather neutral about the modalities of the exercise of the right to education of these special needs students and the institutional and personal responsibilities connected with these students.
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535.More information
The goal of this study is to illustrate the necessity of establishing a partnership between Québec schools, the community, and social or community organizations, so that people who are handicapped or in difficulty can really be included in society. Despite laws advocating the recognition of these handicapped persons as full-fledged individuals, society is not educated about their inclusion. The school has a leading role to play in counteracting this reality. Through dialogue with the students, the school must promote beliefs and values that favour inclusion. Such a program would result in the acceptance of the special realities of this people, which, over the short term, would extend into society. The Propulsion project is a model that favours this kind of extension and promotes citizenship education, making the integration of handicapped people into the community a reality. Propulsion is a living environment for people with physical handicaps. To be accepted, Propulsion tenants must commit to spending three days a week engaged in social activities. In the context of planned social participation, it would be advisable to upgrade a social partnership activity and to create an inclusion project for the adult tenants of Propulsion in partnership with the neighbourhood elementary school.
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540.More information
From a corpus of accounts published between 1870 and 1915, in various popular papers, the authors intention is to nuance the widely accepted opinion that news articles disappeared during times of conflict. Ordinary news items may effectively have marked the pace during wars, however fait-diversification which governed editorial operations fot the main daily news-papers hardly seemed to change. Presented in turn in encyclopaedic, then heroic and tragic form, the war was quickly reduced to a recital mode which obeyed the news item canons. Following the war years, future propects took the news item front this reserved domain and its usual definitions (such as structure and content) in order to envisage a new affective plan, a new principle of writing, a symbolic and rhetorical System.