Documents found
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741.More information
With the appearance of photography, images were no longer merely representational, they became the site of the world's memory as well. Cinema, which animates photography and mirrors reality back at itself as its double, makes photography into living memory. However photography quickly finds ways to play with appearances, to construct images in which the apparent reality corresponds not to an "objective" memory but to a fiction. The real world is taken less as a point of departure, more as a model to copy from. Subsequent technological developments in imaging have accentuated this rupture. With image synthesis and interactive television, both specialists and ordinary viewers construct their own personal show out of the elements presented to them. The screen has now become the site of a memory of the virtual.
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742.More information
It is between 1880 and 1914, in the first years of «Third Republic» that, for the first time in France, recruitement and training of those most particular workers, the policemen, became a matter of concern. The first steps of police professionnalization were tied to an early consideration of the definition, the nature, the organization and the functions of a republican police. This was mainiy achieved by the « Préfets de Police » themselves, who thus met the expectations of both the public and the policemen. However insufficient it they may have been, these efforts are the starting point both of a slow but irreversible process of « technicization » of the police and of the longing for autonomy which was best expressed in policemen's attitudes towards these « non-professionnal », the politicians.
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743.More information
AbstractThis paper deals with a macro-simulation and forecasting model, called PASSIM, essentially markovian, of the working of the Quebec system of Public Assistance. It has to do with both the numbers of persons involved and with the expenditures. It became fully operational in the summer of 1972 albeit it still contains a number of important imperfections.The model relies on a linear programming procedure to estimate probability transition matrices. This seems to represent one of the original features of the model. The basic philosophy of the Quebec Public Assistance is simple: a modified version of a guaranteed income program. This needs test is simply used to constitute the submodel for the determination of allowances. Transition matrices are three dimensional; transition probabilities may change over time due to changes in various exogeneous variables.The model is particularly oriented to test some major changes in the law. An example of a typical simulation is presented and some gross sensitivity tests are also given.
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750.More information
AbstractPoetic text, as a literary genre, is distinct from non-literary text because of the special effect it can have on the reader and this special effect in literature-text, as a whole, has been argued to be a function of the special literary forms imposed upon the ordinary language patterns in the literaturetext. Among these special forms, this paper will focus on phonological patterns in poetic texts.Phonological patterns (rhyming, alliteration, assonance, etc.), as special textual tools, can be argued to achieve various special discoursal effects. This paper will analyze a few pieces of poetic text to demonstrate how the phonological patterns employed in them could enhance the textual theme by introducing “defamiliarized” or “dehabitualized” cohesive networks across the text and by reiterating the concepts introduced by the lexical locality of the phonological patterns. The paper will then discuss the implications for the (un-) translatability of poetic texts. Translating poetry does not merely mean producing a text, in TL, which carries rhyming patterns. The TL text should also be equal to SL in terms of the type and degree of special literary effect. For this purpose, the rhyming patterns, due to the special textual function they assume in poetry, should be placed upon the same lexical locality in both SL and TL, a requirement which can hardly be achieved due to the non-isomorphism of sound-meaning relationship across languages.
Keywords: literature-text, phonological patterns, discoursal effects, poetry