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8408.More information
SummaryEconomic crisis and the transformation of local government into a political issue in Great Britain, 1979-1984The main features of the British local government system are outlined : the breadth of activities it covers, its high degree of professionalization, its penetration by national political parties, its paternalism and unresponsiveness to local popular pressure, and its centralization and concern with territorial equality of service provision. Recent trends in local government spending are discussed and the paper then focusses on the three major conflicts between central government and councils between 1979 and 1984 : over the level of council spending, over the right of councils to choose the level of rates (local property taxes) and over plans to abolish the Greater London Council and metropolitan county councils. Finally an explanation of the outcomes of these conflicts is advanced, relating them to the economic crisis, to new ideologies about public spending and to the features of the British local government system. It is suggested that this may supply a framework for comparative analysis.
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8409.More information
AbstractThis study examines the effect of text structure and vocabulary difficulty level on comprehension for readers in Grades 4 and 6. The 220 word texts represent four types of structure and two levels of vocabulary difficulty. The texts used were judged by a jury of teachers to be equivalent in terms of interest and familiarity. The results obtained permit the authors to conclude that comprehension is influenced by text structure. However, the analysis of data do not show any effect due to vocabulary difficulty level.
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8410.More information
This paper is the French translation of Ayelet Shachar's introduction, «The Puzzle of Birthright Citizenship», digitally reproduced by permission of the publisher from The Birthright Lottery : Citizenship and Global Inequality, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, pp.1-18. © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Translation by Martin Provencher.