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8525.
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8526.More information
AbstractEducation and knowledge have neither played the same role nor known the same importance in all societies. For this reason the author first describes the place reserved for knowledge, especially specialized knowledge, in traditional societies, the way this knowledge is integrate into social life and the role of education in the functioning of these societies. He is thus brought to study the nature and the functions of movements of criticism and protest which have appeared in traditional socie- ties, as well as the role which intellectuals have been called upon to play in them. Turning his analysis next to modern occidental societies, he studies the changes which have taken place in the function and social significance of knowledge and education and in the social role of intellectuals. He shows how the basic postulates of the modern ideology could only imply the development of contradictions in the principal movements of protest that have emerged in modern societies. This development has given birth to new movements, characteristic of contemporary post-industrial society, which challenge these very postulates. In this perspective, he proceeds to analyse the " university crisis " and to trace the principal possibilities in the forthcoming evolution of contemporary societies.
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8527.More information
In the field of urban planning and housing, particularly, the fourties and the fifties constituted a specific period: a period of transition, of passage to the contemporary era. In the light of concrete events, issues and debates surrounding major developments in housing and urban planning, this paper examines the political and social "arrangements" brought in view by three sets of issues related to the transformation of the urban space in the Montreal area. The first part of the paper deals with the willingness of the federal government to intervene in the housing field and the local resistances to that intervention. The second part, to be published in the next issue, will focus on the linkages between housing types and models of living conditions with a case-study of the cooperative housing movement, on one hand, and on the orientations of urban development and more precisely the spatial redistribution of urban activities and social classes, on the other hand.
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8528.
Le recours à la légitime défense par les organisations régionales dans la lutte contre le terrorisme
More informationThe purpose of the current reflection is the analysis of the terms of the right to recourse to self-defence by regional organizations, as diminished authority of the universal collective security in the framework of the fight against terrorism. To this extent, is the recourse to self-defence regularly operational within regional organizations in the fight against terrorism? In this regard, the answer to this question today cannot be otherwise than ambiguous, insofar as the United Nations Security Council whose current practice foreshadows the possibilities of a self-defence liberated from its classic normative frame.
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8529.More information
The multiplication of internal crises within its member States has led the African Union to appoint mediators, tasked with bringing parties to resolve their disputes in a peaceful manner. As a political dispute settlement method, mediation appears to only obey political dynamics. However, regulation of this dispute settlement method is emerging, even though it is only through soft law instruments. The question at the heart of this essay is to which regulations does the African Union's mediation obey when it intervenes in its member States' internal crises. It would be difficult to argue that mediation is entirely left to the will of parties and the mediator while it unfolds within an international organization. Using factual elements and an analysis of different instruments aimed at providing a framework for mediation, this essay demonstrates that even if its results remain ambivalent as concerns the resolution of States' internal crises, mediation is a dispute settlement method undergoing a regulation effort.
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8530.