Documents found
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8621.More information
This research proposes to reconsider Open Innovation in terms of coopetition. Only very few studies have specifically focused on such an approach. These logics of coopetition are analyzed in the context of the “patent pools”, an organized form of open innovation we describe as “opening large-scale”, that has been little investigated in the managerial literature. We show that patent pools are based on the simultaneous development of collaborative and competitive practices, whether in their constitution or their operation and then draw lessons from their management regarding the coopetition in Open Innovation.
Keywords: Innovation ouverte, brevet, coopétition, patent pools, Open innovation, Patent, Coopetition, Patent Pools, la innovación abierta, patentes, Coopetition, comunidades de patentes
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8622.More information
The concern for protecting environment has penetrated all the sectors of the international life including the trade sector. In spite of this excrescence, the ecological preoccupations remain weak at the World Trade Organization (WTO) an organism that has been set up in order to serve as the common institutional framework for guiding the commercial relations of its members. This is because the conditions to argue successfully for an environmental exception in front of this international organization are very restricting and are not very well taken into consideration in the precedents of its disputes settlement organ. Nevertheless, it is possible to have hopes in so far as not only the judges of the WTO didn't close definitely the door to the environmental preoccupations but also because of the emergence of a principle of mutual support in the international law order, which appears as an opportunity of reconciling two apparently contradictory branches of international law. These are the international trade law and the international environmental law.
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8625.
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8626.
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8627.More information
AbstractDirect democracy appeared in California at the beginning of the century in the wake of widespread disillusionment with representative democracy and the Progressive movement. It might provide an answer to similar problems encountered in Quebec and Canada today. However, the initiative and the referendum in California have had such important, unintended consequences that many observers declare them to have changed into the opposite of what their creators intended. The debate these institutions evoke requires a clarification of its underlying values.
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8629.
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8630.