Documents found
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8841.
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8842.More information
AbstractEducation and knowledge have neither played the same role nor known the same importance in all societies. For this reason the author first describes the place reserved for knowledge, especially specialized knowledge, in traditional societies, the way this knowledge is integrate into social life and the role of education in the functioning of these societies. He is thus brought to study the nature and the functions of movements of criticism and protest which have appeared in traditional socie- ties, as well as the role which intellectuals have been called upon to play in them. Turning his analysis next to modern occidental societies, he studies the changes which have taken place in the function and social significance of knowledge and education and in the social role of intellectuals. He shows how the basic postulates of the modern ideology could only imply the development of contradictions in the principal movements of protest that have emerged in modern societies. This development has given birth to new movements, characteristic of contemporary post-industrial society, which challenge these very postulates. In this perspective, he proceeds to analyse the " university crisis " and to trace the principal possibilities in the forthcoming evolution of contemporary societies.
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8843.More information
In the field of urban planning and housing, particularly, the fourties and the fifties constituted a specific period: a period of transition, of passage to the contemporary era. In the light of concrete events, issues and debates surrounding major developments in housing and urban planning, this paper examines the political and social "arrangements" brought in view by three sets of issues related to the transformation of the urban space in the Montreal area. The first part of the paper deals with the willingness of the federal government to intervene in the housing field and the local resistances to that intervention. The second part, to be published in the next issue, will focus on the linkages between housing types and models of living conditions with a case-study of the cooperative housing movement, on one hand, and on the orientations of urban development and more precisely the spatial redistribution of urban activities and social classes, on the other hand.
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8844.
Le recours à la légitime défense par les organisations régionales dans la lutte contre le terrorisme
More informationThe purpose of the current reflection is the analysis of the terms of the right to recourse to self-defence by regional organizations, as diminished authority of the universal collective security in the framework of the fight against terrorism. To this extent, is the recourse to self-defence regularly operational within regional organizations in the fight against terrorism? In this regard, the answer to this question today cannot be otherwise than ambiguous, insofar as the United Nations Security Council whose current practice foreshadows the possibilities of a self-defence liberated from its classic normative frame.
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8845.More information
The multiplication of internal crises within its member States has led the African Union to appoint mediators, tasked with bringing parties to resolve their disputes in a peaceful manner. As a political dispute settlement method, mediation appears to only obey political dynamics. However, regulation of this dispute settlement method is emerging, even though it is only through soft law instruments. The question at the heart of this essay is to which regulations does the African Union's mediation obey when it intervenes in its member States' internal crises. It would be difficult to argue that mediation is entirely left to the will of parties and the mediator while it unfolds within an international organization. Using factual elements and an analysis of different instruments aimed at providing a framework for mediation, this essay demonstrates that even if its results remain ambivalent as concerns the resolution of States' internal crises, mediation is a dispute settlement method undergoing a regulation effort.
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8846.
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8847.More information
In this article, I examine the interplay between the unheimlich (the uncanny) and the abject in Leos Carax’s film Holy Motors (2012). While the two phenomena seem at first to be nearly synonymous, Kristeva, in Powers of Horror, emphasizes that abjection is fundamentally different from the strange familiarity theorized by Freud in 1919. However, I contend that the anxiety and alienation that this anarchic and sometimes violent film provokes in the spectator stems from both states. I begin by showing how Carax destabilises the spectator by representing the identity of the main character, M. Oscar, as unreliable throughout the film. I then analyse two specific episodes from Holy Motors, one that looks to affirm the spectator’s dissociation from M. Oscar through the use of starkly abject elements, and the other that increases the spectator’s uncertainty with regards to M. Oscar’s true identity by creating a heightened sensation of unheimlich. Finally, I will show how a specific intertextual reference to the horror film Les yeux sans visage (Georges Franju 1959), a film that also plays on both the abject and the uncanny, places the spectator in a state of radical alienation from the fictional universe of the film.
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8848.More information
A conceptual framework is provided by the "states of the world" approach (reviewed in section 1). The powerful normative analysis of individual decision-making under uncertainty extends the theory of consumer choice under certainty into an adequate specification of individual norms of behavior (section 2). But the link with observable market phenomena would require the existence of a complete set of insurance markets, one for every commodity conditionally on every state of the world. Although some disagreement persists on this point, the author feels that the insurance and asset markets which exist in western economies fall substantially short of offering trading opportunities comparable to those implied by a complete set of insurance markets. Consequently, consumer preferences are incompletely revealed by market prices. And business firms lack the information required to reach decisions by mere arithmetic comparisons of alternative profit levels (section 3). Management under uncertainty and incomplete markets acquires genuine significance. What norms of managerial behavior should be assumed for positive economic analysis is a disputed issue. From a normative viewpoint, managerial decisions must be viewed as group decisions, with consequences affecting many individuals—and the theory of such decisions is by necessity more complex (section 4).Deprived of the powerful clarification introduced by the competitive markets lamppost, the economic analysis of uncertainty must fall back on the elementary principle that all risks are ultimately borne by the individual economic agents, in their triple capacity as consumers, workers and investors. Alternative policies by firm managers or public officials must be evaluated in terms of their consequence for individuals on these three levels. The absence of market references and of reliable positive models causes difficulties in eliciting these consequences. A major concern of policy makers should be to understand better what forms of uncertainty are most costly to bear for individuals, so as to design institutions and policies aimed at transforming these into less costly alternatives (section 5).
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8849.More information
In this article, we present a study that seeks to identify the current configuration of mental health services offered to young Francophones in the Winnipeg Health Region and to determine the level of coordination between institutional and non-institutional care mechanisms. A semi-structured interview grid was used to gather data from 15 respondents from organizations within the Winnipeg Health Region. The results showed that very few organizations provided an offer of mental health services in French to young Francophones. The analysis also demonstrated that most of these organizations do not maintain complementary relationships with each other, but rather are governed by relational circularity based on ad hoc services through formal and informal duality.
Keywords: santé mentale, jeunes, offre de services, accessibilité, contexte linguistique minoritaire, mental health, youth, offer of services, accessibility, linguistic minority context
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8850.More information
There has been growing momentum in academic research in Spain on the social and cooperative economy. Since the late 1980s, the number of researchers working in this field has grown, and a research network has developed. The authors first examine the process by which research becomes institutionalized through the “research-education-innovation” system. As the Spanish experience shows, these developments foster new research, its dissemination and motivate researchers to work in the field. The article then presents the state of research on the social economy in Spain by listing the researchers on the social economy and the dissertations defended in Spanish universities. The article thus shows the main topics and areas of research, how interest in the different parts of the social economy has evolved in the last thirty years, and which universities have produced the most research. The study is introduced by Edith Archambault, who draws a parallel with the research on the social economy in other countries such as France and Canada.