Documents found
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8952.More information
AbstractThis article presents the action-research that is being carried out since year 2000, with the Mbya-Guarani population of Río Grande do Sul, Brazil. This study is intended to contribute to the programs that are being carried out, to deal with the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and their consequences, especially focusing on the identification of the subject being targeted.Traditionally, the substance “alcohol” is treated as the main subject for the design of programs, for reducing accessibility and consumption. This research is considered from an emic standpoint of study in which focalized ethnography enables the identification of explanatory models of beverage consumption by Guarani indigenous population.A fundamental aspect is the understanding of the notion of person and the traditional medical system, where the notion of “spirit” in this binary case enables the apprehension of the association of the alcohol's spirit that matches with the spirit of the drinker's telluric nature. In a broader sense, the social interpretation explains that the most exposed communities are those with no healing houses (Opy) because there is no tie with the creator god (Ñanderu) who protects from the dangers of sickness and from becoming alcoholics.Due to the lack of the proper health services to prevent and treat the problem of alcoholism, a network of healers and helpers was set up to operate in all the communities, and up to now, it has succeeded in reducing the consumption of beverages through the restitution of the divine spirit and community meetings.The VIGISUS project is a plan funded by the World Bank to develop a national health surveillance system, in which there is a component to develop the indigenous health system.
Keywords: Alcoolisme, guarani, santé mentale autochtone, perspective intraculturelle, guérisseurs, Brésil, Alcoholism, Guarani, indigenous mental health, intracultural perspective, folk healers, Brazil, Alcoholismo, gurarani, salud mental indígena, perspectiva intracultural, curanderos Brasil
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8953.
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8954.More information
This article provides a critical review and modeling of the concept of "value creation" from a literature analysis of the business model. The definitions of value creation are studied from the 50 most cited English-language articles whose titles contain value and creation. The analysis reveals five themes: nature of the value created for the customer, value architecture by the company, value perceived by the user, economic sharing between the stakeholders, co-creation of the value with these stakeholders. Our discussion is built around epistemological issues in a pragmatist perspective.
Keywords: création de valeur, modélisation, revue critique de littérature, analyse lexicale, modèle d'affaires, value creation, business modeling, critical review, lexical analysis, business model, creación de valor, modelado, revisión crítica de literatura, análisis léxico, modelo de negocio
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8955.More information
AbstractAdequate estimation of extreme hydrological variables is essential for the rational design and operation of a variety of hydraulic structures, due to the significant risk that is associated with these activities. Local frequency analysis is commonly used for the estimation of extreme hydrological events at sites where an adequate amount of data is available. However, data are usually only collected at a relatively limited number of sites. In practice, it frequently happens that little or no streamflow data is available at a site of interest (where a dam is to be constructed for example). In such cases, hydrologists can utilize a regional flood frequency procedure, relying on data available from other basins with a similar hydrologic regime.Various methods have been developed over the last few years for the regional analysis of extreme hydrological events. These regionalization approaches aim to estimate different characteristics of the extreme hydrological phenomena of interest, make different assumptions and hypotheses concerning these hydrological phenomena, rely on various types of data, and often fall under completely different theories. The present paper aims to review and classify recent developments in regional frequency analysis of extreme hydrological variables.The specific objectives of the paper are to: i) review the main recent developments in regional hydrologic modeling that have been proposed during the last few years; ii) classify these developments into different groups according to the theoretical background of the method, its specific objectives, and the characteristics of hydrological extreme phenomena it is intended to deal with; iii) propose a comprehensive discussion of these methods, and point out the hypotheses, limitations, data requirements, and potential of each one; iv) identify the new challenges facing engineers in terms of regional frequency analysis of hydrological extremes; and v) propose potential promising directions for future research work which aim to meet these new challenges.Recent developments reviewed in the present paper include improvements in classical approaches for regional delineation and for information transfer, methods combining the delineation and estimation steps, seasonality-based methods, multivariate models for regional frequency analysis, the QdF approach, non stationary models, and approaches for the combination of local and regional data. The paper provides also a discussion of the various hydrological variables treated with regional estimation methodologies, comparative studies of these methodologies, and practical tools that were developed for regional frequency analysis. It is hoped that this document will contribute towards closing the gap between theory and practice, by narrowing the wide body of literature that is available, and by providing comprehensive propositions for regional frequency analysis approaches that meet the new challenges facing hydrologic engineers.
Keywords: modèle régional, homogénéité, stationnarité, modèle multivarié, crue, étiage, analyse fréquentielle, modèle débit-durée-fréquence, corrélation canonique, régression, débit, regional model, homogeneity, stationarity, multivariate model, flood, low flow, frequency analysis, flow-duration-frequency model, canonical correlations, regression, runoff
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8956.More information
This book examines the history of Quebec orphanages, which, dating back a century and a half, came to a close at the dawn of the 1970s. Quebec orphanages in the 1960s, when the progressive momentum of the Quiet Revolution was at its height, are discussed in the last chapter of the book. The replacement of orpha- nages by modern children's aid structures are described as part and parcel of an overdue yet short process resulting from the debate on institutional placement. The government's traditional recourse to residential schools as the main form of assistance gave rise to a rich network of institutions that were adapted, similar to a flexible raw material, to the needs of each region.
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8957.More information
In 1953, Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis mandated the Tremblay Commission to inquire into the fiscal aspects of federal-provincial relations in Canada, in the context of the province's struggle against the federal government's postwar centralizing policies. The commission's report, published in 1956, based its recommendations on wide-ranging philosophical reflections, which this article seeks to explore. Under the aegis of three of the most prominent French-Canadian intellectuals of the time, Esdras Minville, Richard Arès, S.J. and François-Albert Angers, the commissioners produced a masterful survey, both theoretical and practical, of traditionalist French-Canadian nationalism, synthesizing both reflections and reform projects that had been developing since the 1920s. The article focuses in particular on the report's « classical-Christian » political thought, which provided the philosophical underpinning for French-Canadian autonomism, justified the report's exhaustive recommendations and was the basis for the ambitious civilizing project, nationalist, conservative and Catholic, that the commissioners developed through the notion of « social federalism ».
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8958.More information
1983 marked a first turning point in the career of director David Cronenberg who chose to turn to literary adaptations rather than original screenplays. However, whatever the relationship he has with the adapted material (King, Ballard, etc.), the figure of William Burroughs remains a constant in his work: an Ur-text. Cronenberg is, in fact, a “Burroughsian” director (a term that it is up to us to define) in all of his adaptations, including the most personal, and the influence of the American writer, of whom he is a reader, is found even in Consumed, a novel by the Canadian published in 2014. We will thus analyze the paradoxical relationship between Cronenberg and Burroughs, the filmmaker taking charge of the impact of the novelist as much in his style as in his themes, while seeking to move away from any imitation and searching for a voice which is unique to him. Also, 1991 is a second turning point in the career of the director who, by adapting Naked Lunch, a novel considered unadaptable by William Burroughs, decides to confront his inevitable model while freeing himself, to a large extent, from the source text. In doing so, Cronenberg definitely plays with the rules of adaptation but also, and perhaps above all, of transgression, and invents a new kind of transposition which says as much about the figure of the insurmountable writer as about that of the artist who questions the mechanisms of the creative process, contagion and authority.
Keywords: David Cronenberg, David Cronenberg, William S. Burroughs, William S. Burroughs, adaptation cinématographique, movie adaptation, cinéma, cinema, cut-up, cut-up
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8959.More information
Since the reform of the Quebec Civil Code, entered in force in January 1994, the Courts are entitled to refer to new rules of interpretation of contracts (articles 1425 to 1442 Q.C.C.). Here are some examples: to look for the common intention of the parties rather than literal meaning of the words, to reach the real nature of the contract in interpreting it and the circumstances in which it was formed, to give the meaning that best conforms to the subject matter of the contract, when words are susceptible of two meanings.The author analyses the conditions of application of these rules and reviews case law and doctrine on the matter. He also comments the nature of rules governing consumer contracts and contracts of adhesion, such as insurance policies, in some contractual stipulations, like external clauses, illegible or incomprehensible clauses, abusive clauses or ambiguous clauses.He concludes by the wish that new rules, when gradually coming to maturity, veritably serve the general economy of insurance contracts and fair balance between the parties.
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