Documents found
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893.More information
The Consultative Political Conference of the Chinese People. The Consultative Political Conference of the Chinese People (CP.C.C.P.) is a special organization used by the "United Front" to mobilise all those elements prepared to contribute to the building of a new society. Having fulfilled the function of a National Assembly during the first years of the regime, the Conference continued to play an important part in political life after the creation of the Constitution of 1954. Dormant during the cultural revolution, it made a spectacular comeback in the Spring of 1978. Its purpose was to give a voice to such categories of persons not as yet Marxist-aligned, or those existing on the fringes of the urban and peasant proletariat, and to mobilise them accordingly. The C.P.C.C.P. is in effect strictly controlled by the communist party: In its capacity as an instrument of integration, socialization and liaison with the exterior, it figures as an important strategical weapon in the armoury of the Chinese rulers.
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895.More information
An initial series of amendments made in 2008, in particular to introduce provisions such as articles 2714.1 to 2714.9 and 2759 of the Civil Code of Québec, have led to the dematerialization of securities used as pledges. The new concept of control over securities and security entitlements is now found alongside the concept of material dispossession, which involves the physical delivery of the titles representing the debt and is provided for in Civil Code articles 2702 and 2709. Control over securities and security entitlements, obtained in particular by registering the name of the new holder of the pledge or by signing a contract of control, is a new way to achieve the dematerialization of a contract of pledge of a special nature. The mirroring of the US system, found in Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, has made it possible to import the notion of “control” of assets deposited in an account into the Québec legislation. Recently, another series of civil law-based provisions in articles 2713.1 to 2713.9 of the Civil Code has once again admitted pledges secured by control over certain so-called monetary claims, in other words claims requiring the debtor to reimburse, return or restore an amount of money or make any other payment in respect of an amount of money (articles 2713.1 and 2713.4 of the Civil Code). Pledges in the form of control are based on a simplified compensation mechanism using the new rules. They also extend to other possible applications, for example using a company's accounts receivable, money deposited in a trust account, or a rental deposit. They also raise a number of concerns about the security of transactions with regard to third persons. More importantly, special pledges in the form of control refer back to classical notions of movable security and ownership, making them techniques for guarantees to appropriate value.
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899.More information
This survey deals with the problem of linguistic diversity in Europe. In what way does the Council of Europe react to what is commonly called there the « new minorities » composed of immigrants and refugees ? The Director for Human Rights at the Council of Europe first covers guarantees provided to members of minorities under the European Convention on Human Rights (article 14), then describes attempts made by the Council of Europe to protect minorities as such. As for the new minorities, the Council is taking action to favour intercultural education. Its policy aims a both preserving European languages in their diversity and encouraging multilingualism which is of such nature as to facilitate communication and understanding between different peoples
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