Documents found
-
2122.
-
2124.
-
2125.More information
Conservation agriculture (CA) represents farming systems obeying three principles : minimal mechanical soil disturbance, permanent organic cover, and diversified crops. On the basis of its effects on soil ecology, carbon sequestration, work productivity and massive adoption in some agricultures over the world, it was presented by its promoters as the only sustainable and appropriate system for all the contexts, and consequently universally diffused in the name of the sustainable development. By field surveys and documentation analysis, our research focused on the history of CA extension on worldwide scale. We emphasized the very specific origin of CA and disparity of its adoption between regions and types of exploitations. Then the possible causes of the apparent resistance of African and Malagasy agricultures were analysed : constraints related to the semi-aridity and the agro-pastoral civilisations, rival solutions, still unsuited technical sequences, and importance of the time et diversity factors in the innovation process. In spite of this multiple causality, the postulate of universality of CA brings back the question of the adoption to the only political and financial management of diffusion. It is however necessary to prove its transferability towards any context, and its ecological sustainability. We recommend the pursuance of the effort of improvement by analyzing the context of the farming systems and basing the research on the practices, the local knowledge and the innovation capacity of farmers and communities, and to follow other tracks in parallel.
Keywords: pratiques paysannes, non-labour, agriculture de conservation, SCV, Afrique, Madagascar, participation, capacité d'adaptation, services écosystémiques, local practices, no tillage, conservation agriculture, mulching, Africa, Madagascar, participation, adapting capacity, ecosystemic services
-
2127.
-
2128.More information
How should one engage the public in a reflection on the ethical issues of our time? Guided by this question, we developed a platform for exchange with the community on bioethical issues via an art exhibition and a series of cultural and scientific mediation activities for adults and children. This thematic dossier presents the report of the project. Art + Bioethics is based on an interdisciplinary and collaborative strategy that paired six young bioethics researchers with six emerging artists to share and shed new light on a variety of ethical issues related to health. These artist-researcher duos each developed a work and an essay on a common theme. Our goal was to break down barriers between art and academic research in bioethics and to create hybrids and new forms of dissemination, education, experimentation and meeting. The expression of bioethics through art represents an innovative way to transmit the sensitive aspect of so many ethical issues of health and well-being. Through its various components, Art + Bioethics was able to join several hundred people and engage in ethical reflection on issues that are at the heart of our society.
Keywords: art, bioéthique, exposition, recherche, transfert des connaissances, interdisciplinarité, art, bioethics, exposition, research, knowledge transfer, interdisciplinarity
-
2129.More information
Interventional global health research is often carried out through international scientific partnerships. However, the conduct of such research, especially in low-income countries where issues of power, money and intercultural relations are exacerbated, raises many ethical challenges particularly related to responsible conduct in collaborative research. One of these challenges is the storage, access, use and publication of data. Despite the existence of multiple influential policies and documents on ethics and the responsible conduct of research, researchers in intervention research are still not equipped to deal with such challenges. In the context of an intervention research program conducted in Burkina Faso, the authors would like to share their experience in the development of an internal policy concerning their data. After presenting the global and the particular context, the paper presents the process of policy formulation and its adoption by the researchers of an interdisciplinary and international team (Burkina Faso, Canada, France, Germany). The values that entrench this internal policy are: transparency, prevention, consensus about the production process, respect for international principles, free access to the knowledge produced and concerns regarding its dissemination and use. The policy is presented in several parts: aim, types and status of the participating researchers, data storage, access and use of data, scientific production and authorship. The main challenges faced by researchers in formulating this policy are analyzed in a shared desire to spark a debate that is rarely addressed. Trust, transparency and mutual respect should be central to any scientific partnership in intervention research.
Keywords: recherche interventionnelle, donnée, santé mondiale, politique, intégrité, publication, paternité, conduite responsable de la recherche, intervention research, data, global health, policy, integrity, publication, authorship, responsible conduct of research