Documents found
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2451.More information
This article reports on a review of the literature on peer feedback regarding the conditions that optimize and those that reduce its contribution to student learning, whether the student is the sender or receiver of feedback. The conceptual frameworks adopted for this form of student participation and identified effects are presented. The conditions outlined are grouped under three components of the peer feedback activity: teacher intervention, peer interaction, and reflection in and on action within the classroom. They form the practical framework for peer feedback activity in a classroom context, including distance education courses. This practical framework thus suggests ways of doing things and elements to consider when engaging learners of different levels in this activity. In the end, this literature review provides a better understanding of the contributions of a successful peer feedback activity, both for the students who participate and for the teacher who accompanies them.
Keywords: peer learning, apprentissage par les pairs, peer feedback, rétroaction par les pairs, évaluation par les pairs, peer evaluation, notation par les pairs, peer feedback training, peer assessment
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2452.
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2453.More information
The studies on human capital, carried out to date, have clearly shown its importance for organizations. However, its construction in the workplace remains little explored. Even research on its model is scarce. To understand the variables to be prioritized, a study of Chadian HRM practitioners and theorists was carried out. We applied the mixed methodology. Data was generated through 11 semi-structured interviews and 178 surveys. The step-by-step deconstruction approach of the human capital construction process, from reception to permanence, was used. The results showed that at the stage of welcoming human capital in the organizational environment, coaching practices promote the skills to perform tasks in a structured manner. Then, at the integration stage, coaching practices and investments in training are two effective levers. Finally, during the permanence phase, we have seen an undeniable contribution from investments in training, but it is above all the opportunities for experience and the agile environment that promote the building of the best talents in the workplace. This article is useful for researchers who will find a renewed definition of human capital with new proven variables and items that appear to be more relevant. Managers and consultants will find new variables to effectively enhance and value human capital in the workplace. This article is in line with the theory of resources and the theory of skills and suggests that there is a differentiated relational contingency in each phase of the construction of human capital.
Keywords: Formation, agilité, expérience, capital humain, investissement
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2454.More information
SummaryThis paper is an attempt to unravel the post-Fordist debate. This recurrent debate about the future of capitalism intensities during periods of crisis and transition. Three different perspectives on post-Fordism are identified and explored, each one evolving out of a particular tradition within classical political economy and stressing different driving forces in the historical development of capitalism. An underlying theme within the paper is the existence of significantly contrasting views about the openness of the new phase of capitalist development: disagreement over whether post-Fordism is primarily about the inevitable diffusion of a new and pervasive disciplining of labour or the formation of strategic initiatives and the making of history.
Keywords: post-fordisme, crises, transition, capitalisme, économie politique, post-Fordism, crisis, transition, capitalism, political economy, posfordismo, crisis, transición, capitalismo, economía política
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2455.More information
Global changes have detrimental consequences on the conditions of life in Sahelian countries. The experience of the village of Koumbili (Burkina Faso), documented through a participatory rural appraisal (PAR) conducted in 2005, brings a concrete understanding of how actual climatic and political changes can bring about human behaviours that jeopardize the integrity of fragile ecosystem. The case of Koumbili also allows an outlook on various mechanisms which aim at strengthening local sustainable management and local organization capacities in the region considered.PAR revealed that the exploitation of the village's natural resources has intensified markedly, due to the rising of the population. A large part of the latter resulted from migrations related to the drying out of neighbouring regions and from displacements related to the Ivory Coast's crisis. Conservation of land production potential and access to water, have thus become the cause of tensions and conflicts in the village populations. This issue can be addressed by enhancing village associations with educational institutions.Universities have an important role to play in this process, and more precisely in sustainable development and in community-based social innovation. This is the rational behind the institutional reinforcement partnership between Université de Moncton and Université de Ouagadougou. The present case study derives from this partnership. Its aim is to reinforce the pertinence and the impact of university teaching and research on local communities. It is based on interdisciplinarity and wishes to bring the university “closer” to rural communities in order to develop mutual learning and long-lasting interactions, in order to build the capacities of organisation and action at the local level.
Keywords: Burkina Faso, changements globaux, communautés villageoises, développement local durable (gestion des terroirs), rôle des universités, renforcement des capacités, évaluation rurale participative, terroir de Koumbili, Burkina Faso, global changes, village communities, local sustainable development (local management), role of the university, capacity building, participatory rural appraisal, land of Koumbili
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2456.More information
This article examines the transition of learners in adult general education (“formation générale des adultes”, or “FGA”) who decide, after obtaining their high school diploma in this educational framework, to register in college programs. The ethnographic inquiry approach used for this research relies on Long's theoretical model (1989) and Bélanger's lifelong learning model (2011). On this rarely addressed subject, pedagogical expertise in the field is engaged in a co-construction process from an adult education perspective. The psychological, pedagogical, and andragogical issues at play show the significant commitment adult learners must make and the reconstructive path they have chosen to facilitate social integration. The need to create a bridge between FGA and the college environment is presented as a way to support the educational emancipation of adults in Quebec society.
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2458.More information
AbstractThrough the mechanism of pharmaceutical leakage from the medical sphere to drug markets, the ambivalent nature of molecules contributes to the multiple uses of medicines. This article examines diverted uses of Subutex® (high dose buprenorphine – HBD) – currently the most frequently used substitution treatment for opiate dependency in France – by injection drug users (IDUs) in Marseille. Following findings about the necessity of taking into account individual and contextual factors to understand drug trafficking and risky drug consumption, this study began with the working hypotheses that (1) diverted uses of HDB are integrated into pre-existing drug worlds; (2) geographic characteristics are implicated in the reconfiguration of these uses. Data collected through questionnaires on 62 UDI clients of automats for syringe exchange-recuperation in Marseille, a group little known to drug treatment programs, were explored in a series of multiple components analyses, resulting in two paradoxical effects. Diverted HDB appears to be integrated in a configuration of intensive drug use with risky practices characteristic of the very opiate (heroin) it is meant to replace. In a poor, de-industrialized area of Marseille, such uses are associated with the stabilisation of some IDUs, not through social reintegration in accordance with French health drug policy, but through marginal integration, by holding in abeyance a population of older users. Pharmaceutical leakage thus furnishes a heuristic tool for looking beyond the medical gaze and should be useful for better understanding medicines in general.
Keywords: fuitage pharmaceutique, traitement de substitution aux opiacés (TSO), buprénorphine haut dosage, usagers de drogue par voie intraveineuse (UDI), mondes de la drogue, contexte, pharmaceutical leakage, opiate dependance treatment, high dose buprenorphine, injection drug users (UDI), drug worlds, context, fuga farmacéutica, tratamiento de sustitución de opiáceos, buprenorfina a dosis altas (BDA), usuarios de droga por vía intravenosa (UDI), mundos de la droga, contexto
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2459.More information
While falling into the epistemological debate occurring in the systemic current between the functionalist school and the phenomenological supporters, this article does not intend to expand on the ideological biases of these two currents. This article presents the ecosystemic perspective as a magnifying glass to observe the relations between the actors involved in the field of a child's mental health, beyond these contexts. In the first part, we present some general considerations regarding the ecosystemic perspective through its seizure as an in-between of an epistemology that evolved from constructivist relativism to a behavioural determinism. The second part of this article focuses on the relevance of the use of the ecosystemic perspective in the study of relationships between the actors involved, by providing support to the children's mental health services. In the third part, we will attempt to define the notion of relationship from an ecosystemic perspective. The fourth part will be a review of the meeting places within the field of a child's mental health, taking the ecosystemic as an institutional and non-institutional issue. Finally, the fifth and final part will afford us the opportunity to de-compartmentalize the field of child mental health by illustrating the rational process of the relational ecosystem.
Keywords: Perspective écosystémique, relation, réseau, enfant, santé mentale, Ecosystemic perspective, relations, child, mental health
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2460.More information
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of experts, surveys and statistics was put at the forefront of the management of the health crisis in Quebec. This situation gives rise to fears of governance by experts (epistocracy) and by numbers (numerocracy). The analysis of the legislation and cases related to public health measures shows that it is complex to conclude to the existence of epistocracy and numeracy. This article proposes a legal framework for analyzing these normative phenomena, namely that of the law of governance. The law of governance offers another explanation for expertise and information, as these are understood as legitimizing data for decisions made during the health crisis. From this perspective, it is less about governance by experts and numbers, but more about governance with experts and numbers.
Keywords: Gouvernance, crise sanitaire, experts, sondages, statistiques, Governance, crisis health, experts, surveys, statistics