Documents found
-
351.More information
At its beginning, conversion was a Judaeo-Christian phenomenon, that is to say a culturally connoted one. And this article was written with precisely this perspective in mind, the aim being to develop a better historical understanding of a key phase in the evolution of the notion of conversion in the history of late Ancient Christianity. We intend to trace back the very first components that made up the current meaning of the word “conversion”. We do not pretend to provide the ultimate definition of this notion, nor the version most closely resembling its definition at the time of its emergence. Our intent is rather to recognize the dynamic aspect of conversion by studying a central period of its development. We have named this stage the “monastic turn” (iv-vth c.). In short, our purpose is to prove how — in the ivth century C.E. — conversion underwent a significant transformation by the agency of Christian monasticism.
-
353.More information
Simmel's analysis of secrecy, which marked a sociological turn away from Enlightenment philosophy, includes a specific vision of interpersonal “knowledge”. Interpersonal knowledge can serve as a framework for research into online social networks, allowing for the study of groups within a reference grid of « public » and « hidden » data. Yet it also raises epistemological difficulties, seeming to suggest, in fact, that the image of the other is composed through the aggregation of factual elements. In order to avoid this conclusion, which is incompatible with Simmel's fundamental texts, a new reading of the chapters of Sociology is proposed in the light of the notion of understanding that Simmel developed in his later writings. An original conception of the social bond is elaborated, articulating the operations of « knowing » and « understanding ».
Keywords: compréhension, connaissance, épistémologie, image d'autrui, secret, understanding, knowledge, epistemology, image of the other, secrecy, comprensión, conocimiento, epistemología, imagen del otro, secreto
-
354.More information
The idea of “satisfaction” privileges narratives that seek to fulfill a promise of wholeness or containment. Such an idea runs counter to the gapped, partial, and suspended work of serial narrative. This essay considers the perils of satisfaction as a goal or byproduct of seriality, examining how serials in practice—from Middlemarch and Great Expectations to Lost and Mad Men—theorize and complicate our sense of resolved conclusion, and how they articulate the ungovernable excess of energy and possibility that serials, at their most narratively engaged, inevitably generate.
-
355.More information
“Two mouthsfull of silence” : the expression concludes the poem “Language Mesh” (in M. Hamburger's translation). Paul Celan as the poet of the impossibility of language, Hölderlin's heir for darker times ? A certain critical trend likes to present his work as such. One has to be more demanding. Celan comes out of silence, he doesn't go toward it, as H. Meschonnic states. His endeavour aims to keep its trace, not to be absorbed by it. Studying Celan's poetics allows one to see how silence evolves from a thematic meaning, born out of the historicity of his writing, to an integration in the very process of writing. Morphological, syntaxical, textual dislocations are the most obvious manifestations of such a distortion of language which creates a gap in enunciation equivalent to the one made in history by the Nazi genocide. A language of mourning to mourn language. Yet silence is not the end of it ; it is rather its internal driving force, as expressed in “ das erschwiegene Wort ”, “ the silenced word ” from the poem “ Argumentum e silencio ” (from Threshold to Threshold) dedicated to René Char.
-
358.More information
In Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony, the Supreme Court of Canada reconfigured its approach to section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms by holding that the final step of the R. v. Oakes test—the requirement of proportionality between a measure's salutary and deleterious effects—provided the critical framework for its analysis. The author suggests that the Court's emphasis on the last step of the Oakes test was not the most appropriate response to the specific minimal impairment argument Alberta presented. Alberta argued that the reason it could not safely offer an exemption from its licence photo requirement to Hutterites who objected to photos on religious grounds was because Syndicat Northcrest v. Amselem restricted government inquiries into the sincerity of religious beliefs. Ontario intervened in support of Alberta's concerns. Although the Court did not address this minimal impairment argument, the author argues that it reflects an unnecessarily strict reading of how Amselem's guidelines would apply in this context. In support, the author presents an exemption that would have cohered with Amselem and achieved Alberta's safety objectives. The author then argues more broadly that the provinces' concerns in Hutterian Brethren demonstrate the critical role the minimal impairment step of the Oakes test plays in generating solutions to clashes between laws of general application and minority religious practices. The Court's new emphasis on the proportionate effects test, in contrast, may unfortunately discourage both parties from formulating potentially innovative alternatives.
-
360.More information
Understanding literary translation as part of a power game has led to renewed interest in issues of censorship in translation. In an effort to untangle the intricate relations between formal law and (internalized) norms, this essay will focus on voluntary or self-imposed censorship in areas where formal censorship (i.e., legislated law, religious law) is not strictly enforced. It will first briefly describe certain aspects of formal censorship in Israel, then present cases in which the borderline between formal censorship and self-censorship seems blurred. Two particular cases will be examined: one has to do with the attitude of translators towards the use of the words “pig and pork,” the other with the Committee established by the Ministry of Education in the 1960s to censor obscenity in literature. These cases will help shed light on the deep roots of self-censorship mechanisms and the reduced need for formal censorship when subordinate groups or individuals feel that working with the consensus is more beneficial than working against it. The case of a book banned in the Orthodox community—and therefore pre-censored for translation—will examine another aspect of censorship, that of the corrective measures applied when voluntary self-censorship is not exercised.
Keywords: (self-)censorship, pig/pork, obscenity, hegemony, mainstream/periphery, reviewers, (auto)censure, cochon/porc, obscénité, hégémonie, centre/périphérie, critiques