Search Results

Before June 1982 and up until the National Conference on Immigration, no French government had dealt with the cultural problems faced by residents of Guadeloupe, Guiana, Martinique and Reunion. The Overseas Departments were the result of three centuries of violence by French colonizers. The inhabitants of these territories became French nationals under the provisions of a law passed in 1946. The specificity of the people involved was not however, recognized.The "National Conference on Overseas Residents" raised new hope especially because the new Socialist government spoke about "recognizing specific characteristics" and "respecting differences". Since then however, three major decisions have been taken without consultation nor participation of the Regional Assemblies. Three years later, no concrete results are visible.

Philology is used here to establish the historical value of three documents purporting to bear witness to the “discovery” of the Mississippi in 1673 by Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette. Two of these 17th-century documents have never been considered, namely a translation entitled Of New France that appeared in the English edition of the last two works by Récollet Louis Hennepin (1698), and a French version of the same text, Relation de la Nouvelle-France 1673, preserved at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in the papers of Abbé Eusèbe Renaudot. Compared with the Brotier 155 version of Jesuit father Dablon's Relation de la decouverte de la Mer du Sud, considered by Jean Delanglez to be the most reliable and oldest, these documents testify to a major rewriting effort that began before August 1, 1674 (the alleged date of dispatch of the presumed “original” document). Their comparison highlights the importance of Hennepin, who held confidential documents and whose works can help us fill in the gaps in official accounts of exploration in the Mississippi River basin. Despite the absence of originals, the variants in these three documents show that the Brotier 155 version is no more valid or even older than its shorter copies. Rather, these variants suggest that Dablon may have drawn on one or more earlier documents to write his Relation, which contradicts the narrative posture that would have us believe that the information he provides came from Jolliet's oral testimony alone.

This article examines the relationship between fishing practices and the construction of gender among the Bajo of Tarupa Besar Island (Taka Bonerate Atoll, South Sulawesi, Indonesia). By analyzing part of the diversity of their fishing practices, it shows how the sea is gendered. From the island to the open sea, a polarity emerges between the inner domestic space, perceived as safe and associated with a feminine ideal, and the maritime domain, viewed as hostile and linked to a virile masculine ideal. By investigating the gendering dimension of fishing, that is, the ways in which gender is shaped and enacted through relationships with the marine environment, this article highlights its ambivalence. On the one hand, it is through greater or lesser engagement in these practices that Bajo individuals either conform to or challenge gender norms. On the other hand, by aligning gender distinctions with the perceived characteristics of the different ecological zones of the atoll, these fishing practices also contribute to their essentialization and to the consolidation of a related power regime. In this context, it is in offshore fishing that the virile becomes conflated with the masculine, giving rise to a form of « hegemonic masculinity » (Connell 2014).

Keywords: Vanlaer, genre, performativité, pêche, Indonésie, anthropologie maritime, masculinité, Vanlaer, gender, performativity, fisheries, Indonesia, marine anthropology, masculinity, Vanlaer, género, performatividad, pesquerías, Indonesia, antropología marítima, masculinidad

The resumption of the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022 raised various questions related to international law. Issues relating to the law of naval war are now more prominent as it is a neglected area compared to other branches of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Among other things, the naval blockade, which has already been a controversial subject in cases of the Gaza Strip and Yemen, presents new challenges in the context of the armed conflict in Ukraine. Russian naval forces blocked the passage of merchant ships to and from Ukrainian ports from 24 February until 22 July 2022, when the parties to the conflict, along with Turkey and the United Nations (UN) as intermediaries, signed an agreement establishing a “grain corridor” in the Black Sea. During this period, the increase in grain prices created the risk of famine in many countries. Therefore, the impacts of the Black Sea blockade were not limited to Ukraine and its civilian population; civilian populations far from the hostilities were also significantly affected. In this context, this article offers an analysis of the Ukrainian case in light of existing blockade law, as well as an investigation into the legality of the blockade as a method of warfare in contemporary IHL.

The objective of the present study is to compare the impact of a mastery goal and of a performance goal on lexical learning in elementary-school children. The 57 pupils were divided into three groups: two groups trained by means of two learning goals and the third group went without training. The participants were involved in two writing tasks to compare their performances before and after training or without training. Results show that a mastery goal is more effective than a performance goal for elementary-school children.

Keywords: apprentissage, vocabulaire, buts d'apprentissage, enfants, école primaire, learning, vocabulary, learning goals, children, elementary school, aprendizaje, vocabulario, meta de aprendizaje, niños, escuela primaria