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Keywords: think tanks, groupes de pression, lobbyisme, militantisme, élites, Québec

Algeria, for the three authors studied here, figures nostalgia, aporia and deconstruction. Camus' Le premier homme depicts this country full of wounds and contradictions, and tends to a literary reconciliation. Cixous works on the childhood memory, trying an endless “arrivance” towards Algeria. With Circonfession, Derrida offers a secret text of pray and tears, of life and death. We try to rethink Algeria in its profoundly metaphorical dimension in the reading of their texts. We also try to understand how Algeria, in their works, becomes a literary inspiration and a textual “destinerrance.”

In this article, the practice and challenges of the standardization of French botanical names are assessed by comparing names from different nomenclatures that refer to the native trees of North America. A French standardized nomenclature is proposed, taking into account both the Latin scientific nomenclature and the French vernacular nomenclature. The following basic principles regarding name formation are first analyzed: the binomial nature of the name, its exclusivity, the correctness of its botanical meaning and its universality. Complementary principles such as the priority of an existing name over a newly formed one, and the application of major conceptual categories, such as morphology, similarity with another species, toponymy, ecology, anthroponymy and the use of the species, are also taken into consideration. Finally, an insight into the work that remains to be done in order to standardize the French species names for the whole tree flora of the world concludes this article.

Keywords: normalisation, noms botaniques français, arbres, Amérique du Nord, standardization, French botanical names, trees, North America

Towards the end of the eighteenth century, the role of the senses in the aesthetic experience of garden art emerged as a topic of discussion. While some authors expressed doubt at the idea of attributing aesthetic value to any other senses than sight in the space of a garden, C. C. L. Hirschfeld was one of the first theoreticians to underline the intersensory nature of this art. This article analyzes specifically the place of hearing in Hirschfeld's influential Theory of Garden Art (1779–1785).

In October 2003, director Stéphane Saint-Jean presented [La Voix humaine]9 to the public. This was a polyphonic version of Jean Cocteau's La Voix humaine, a play that recounts the final telephone call between a woman and her lover who has recently left her. In Saint-Jean's adaptation, the telephonic device is subjected to a radical metamorphosis. The director's decision to use a polyphonic mode of enunciation and his highly lyrical approach alter the play's signification, pulling it away from its initially tragic standpoint towards a pathos oriented stance. In this instance, the communal nature of the polyphonic approach overshadows the director's desire to pay homage to Cocteau.

This article aims to analyze the role that gender issues play in the public discourse on Muslims and Islam of several Swiss French-speaking Swiss media. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the corpus of our research we show that gender issues go across the themes addressed in the public debate about the compatibility or incompatibility of Muslim culture with the one prevailing in Switzerland. This leads us to interpret these results in the perspective of the political use of gender and the political constitution of the subject.

Keywords: islam, suisse, religion, medias, voile, valeurs

This article is concerned with the way the self-portraitist in literature answers the great question “Who Am I?”—which is not to question self-confidence—by means of indirect strategies, beyond the simple representation of the body, and using instead elements like astrological signs, Chinese portraits, personality tests, descriptions of the clothes or the backdrops in which the creation of the self-portrait occurs. Ultimately, the text observes that the defining reference of the portrait is not the person represented but the representation of a character conceived in terms of the prospect that it will be seen, and constructed, at the same time, by social prejudices concerning appearances.

The trans-frontierism and informal commerce of Nigerian oil products arose, in the early 1990s, from a context of political and economic crisis, marking the country's shift from a welfare state to a liberal and market state. The porous nature of the country's long, stripe-like borders and the acquaintanceship between customs officers and contraband dealers favoured the social and economic institutionalization of an informal activity as a means for employment, thereby integrating thousands of excluded and jobless citizens of Benin. Over time, the informal commerce of fuel (known as “kpayo”) was socially legitimized. It became integrated into the daily lives of the Beninese population, and was substituted to gas stations which had otherwise prohibitive prices. The centralized state's multiple attempts to eradicate the practice failed, including its last campaign, begun November 17, 2012. Arrests, seizures, deaths, and other tragedies did not impede the controversial liquid from flowing into the citizens' reservoirs and remaining competitive.Beyond presenting popular theories on the informal, this paper adopts a critical, multi-centric, and socio-anthropological perspective. It associates the economy to the socio-political in order to question the data gathered in Benin between 2012 and 2014, as well as public action against “kpayo.” I will examine the representations, the (un-)official practices and the negotiations between the state sovereign desire to control its borders to augment border-associated revenues and a state of users and contrabanders determined to maintain, whatever the cost, an informal activity, ultimately decisively affecting and structuring the formal economy.

This article examines the various linguistic registers in the corpus of writingsproduced by the Jesuit missionaries in Canada in the seventeenth and eighteenthcenturies. These manuscripts, which focus narrowly on the daily activity of themission, were written in several Amerindian languages and in Latin. They make itpossible to underscore the quality of the missionaries' attachment to the cultureand environment of the Amerindians. The manuscripts have, however, often beenneglected by a historiography dominated by reference to the Jesuits' Relations. An analysis of ornithologicalvocabulary allows us to explore the Jesuits' perception of nature in Canada, whilerevealing how the very conception of the mission mutated during the seventeenth andeighteenth centuries.