Documents found
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24442.
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24443.More information
This article proposes to analyze scientific research as the main path for the integration of states outside the Arctic region. We show that for a set of European and Asian states, their scientific involvement in the Arctic has been the driving force behind their integration into the regional political system especially in governance, and whose main structure has been the Arctic Council since 1996. Composed solely of the eight States recognized as sovereign in the region and six indigenous organizations, the Council has incorporated thirteen States with “observer” status. In this article, we, therefore, focus on the scientific activity of these Observer states and the broader dimension of science as an instrument of diplomacy, for participation in governance. However, the Arctic Council framework alone is limited and we show that science is the path to other forms of integration.
Keywords: Science, diplomatie scientifique, gouvernance, coopération, États observateurs, Arctique, Science, science diplomacy, governance, cooperation, Observer states, Arctic
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24444.More information
The Sugpiat people have lived in the Kodiak Archipelago for at least 7,500 years, but suffered extraordinary pressure on their cultural identity beginning with violent Russian conquest in 1784 and followed by Russian and American colonisation. Recognising that drastic actions were needed to preserve Sugpiaq heritage, the Kodiak Area Native Association began a cultural revitalisation movement. The centrepiece was a Native-owned state-of-the-art museum that opened in 1995. This essay recounts the stories of three participants in the beginning of a process that has transformed the cultural landscape of Kodiak.
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24445.More information
AbstractThis article argues that there is an homological relationship between the symbolism surrounding the polar bear and the categorisation of gender among Inuit. In the first part of the paper, the broad implications of the significance of the bear are explored. The extensive debates around how to conceptualise Inuit gender categories are then summarised, focusing especially on the construction of a "third gender." These two apparently disparate fields of social thought are then brought together to propose a model that allows scholars to understand both the symbolic significance of bears and gender in a new way. Although the concept of a "third gender" has proved to be theoretically very powerful, it is inadequate to the data from Inuit who continue to hold two distinctive categories of gender. But unlike most other models, it allows for a passage connecting the two genres through which people can pass.
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24446.More information
AbstractMuch of the current research on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (nato) points to an alliance that is deeply troubled, largely irrelevant, or is bound to collapse. Nearly all of this research focuses on the transatlantic differences over Iraq, the wide differences in military capabilities between the United States and its allies, or the perceived negative impact of alliance expansion. Within recent literature, no research examines Congress's role in shaping the alliance's evolution. This paper examines Congress's views toward nato across four issue areas; alliance expansion, nato's role in Afghanistan, nato's assistance to the African Union in Sudan, and nato's role in Iraq after Operation Iraqi Freedom. This paper finds that Congress devoted little attention to shaping nato's transformation, and was surprisingly disengaged on nato's mission in Afghanistan. While examples of congressional entrepreneurship were evident, Congress was mostly deferential to the president.
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24447.
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24449.
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24450.