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AbstractAt the beginning of this century, it was already obvious that from the point of view of British immigrants, Canadian English had changed so much that some sort of a dictionary was necessary to explain the differences. However, it took half a century of dialect surveys and academic research to establish the identity of Canadian English, in particular vis-a-vis American English and British English, in order to decide what a Canadianism is and thus to provide the essential data for the compiling of Canadian dictionaries, historical and contemporary.

After he retired from his career as an ophthalmologist in 1920, Dr Casey Wood devoted himself to his two private passions – ornithology and book collecting. He attended auctions, badgered book dealers, and haunted bookshops wherever he travelled with his wife Emma Shearer Wood. In 1926 Wood turned to Wheldon and Wesley and their agent, William John Henry Craddock (1870-1941), to help him acquire a magnificent collection held by the bookseller Quaritch of over 900 large, colourful and often life-size drawings of exotic birds, animals and fish, and equally imposing images of flowers, insects, and fungi, loosely inserted in twenty-nine portfolios, and painted by arguably the finest animal and botanical painters of eighteenth-century Britain. The collection had been created by the British jurist and collector Taylor White FRS (1701-72). This article recounts how White accumulated his collection, and how Wood acquired it for the Blacker Wood Natural History Collection at McGill University Library in Montreal. It also describes how White catalogued his collection, and how subsequent dealers and librarians added their own layers of documentation, up to the digitization of the paintings and manuscript notes by the McGill Library, which has made them available to contemporary researchers.

This article focuses on the mobilization of a collective created by citizens, Bridges not Borders (BnotB), that has been working to defend the asylum seekers that cross the Canada-U.S. border “irregularly” since 2017. The case of BnotB contributes to the literature on borders by bringing a perspective interested in the dynamics and mobilizations of citizens coming to the help of vulnerable persons across border crossings. Based on content analyses and semi-structured interviews, this case study allows us to present a “bottom up” form of action, led by citizens mobilized by migration issues, which we define under the gesture of hospitality.

Keywords: frontière, border, hospitality, hospitalité, asylum seeker, demandeurs d’asile, mobilisation citoyenne, citizen mobilization, refugee, réfugiés, Roxham Road, chemin Roxham, Québec, Quebec

Our article deals with intensities and fragilization of work collectives, and offers a synthesis of the literature regarding work and its intensities, particularly within the air travel sector. Analyzing commercial airline crews, the article uses the demands-resources and capacitating organization theories to analyze the perceptions of these workers as concerns physical, psychosocial and organizational demands of work, as well as the resources of same nature, in the context of a reduction of personnel authorized by the Transportation Department for many Canadian carriers in July 2015. We pay particular attention to the work demands which constitute a constraint, something which is rarely considered in research on intensification of work. With the resource-caravan and capacitating organization concepts we seek to determine whether airline crews (stewards and directors) have the means to ensure their collective mission of security and service to the public. We conducted 41 semi-directed interviews with stewards and pursers or flight directors from two Canadian airlines. We conducted an inductive research based on qualitative content analysis to obtain the main themes and analyze the physical, psychosocial and organizational demands and resources for work. Our results illustrate in an original way how an important increase in constraining work intensities disrupts the work collective, particularly the pivotal role of the flight director, thus contributing to emerging research on fragilization of work processes. Many aspects would need to be changed in order to qualify airlines as capacitating organizations.

Keywords: personnel navigant, intensification du travail, demandes-ressources du travail, organisation capacitante, fragilisation, sécurité aérienne, gestion des ressources humaines, cabin crew, intensification of work, demands-resources, work, capacitating organization, fragilization, airline safety, human resource management

Over the past few decades, the composition of francophone migratory flows entering Ontario has changed. Using quantitative analyses based on Canadian censuses from 1991 to 2016, the authors attempt to shed light on what characterizes these new configurations. To do so, they look at the provenance of these migrants (i.e., whether they come from Quebec, Canada or abroad). In addition, they seek to understand the changing composition of these migratory flows and the new trajectories that emerge from them. The authors propose a typology of Franco-Ontarian migration regimes that allow clarifying the hypotheses that underline the importance of French-Canadian continuity, as well as the hypotheses that view it as a break with the past.

Keywords: francophonie, immigration francophone, démographie historique, sociologie des religions, religions au Québec, religions au Canada, francophonie, Quebec, Ontario, francophone immigration, historical demography, sociology of religions, religions in Quebec, religions in Canada

The arrival of thousands of immigrants whose mother tongue is neither French nor English since the 1990s has not been without effect on the geography of languages in the National Capital Region. How has French evolved in the Ottawa-Gatineau region in their presence? To what extent has the fragile balance that had been built up between French and English over time been affected by their growing weight? This article seeks to answer these questions based on an analysis of the transformations in the space of French as a mother tongue over the past twenty-five years in the region. We are also interested in the new possibilities offered by the territory for the encounter between francophones and allophones, and in the capacity of the francophone community to ultimately integrate one part of the latter. The results presented in this paper point to a rather bleak future for French, especially on the Ontario side of the border.

Keywords: français, langue maternelle, géographie, transformations, Ottawa-Gatineau, 1991-2016, immigration, espace de rencontre, avenir du français, French, mother tongue, geography, transformations, Ottawa-Gatineau, 1991-2016, immigration, meeting space, future of French

AbstractWoman 's Face. Between Shari'a and CustomsIn Algeria as in ail islamized societies, the conflict between modernists and fundamentalists hides another important conflict between fundamentalism and local customs. The debate about womens' veiled appearance proves it. We are attempting here to show that propagation of the fundamentalist veil manifests both an attack against maghrebian customs and against the maliki school, which for centuries has conciliated literal meaning of the religious law with local norms, litteracy and oral knowledge.Key words : Benkheira, islam, man-woman relationship, tradition, honor, fundamentalism, body