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In 1739, a carpenter from Québec arrived in New Mexico. Four years later, he was executed for having fomented an Indian rebellion. This article examines the accusations made against this man, Louis-Marie Moreau dit Coulon, and places them in their cultural and historical contexts. Having criticized Catholic practices in the Spanish colony, Moreau attracted the distrust of various Indians and Spanish inhabitants. He described specific war practices from the Mississippi region, and was also accused of having predicted a French invasion. Even if it is difficult to hear Moreau's voice in the judicial documents, he clearly failed to navigate the cultural differences between New France and New Mexico.

This study pays tribute to the poet Alexandre L. Amprimoz. Born in Rome to a French father and an Italian mother, he carried within him the traces of a double sensibility. Absent that division, it seems difficult to appreciate his voice, his inexhaustible desire to create: writing became the drama of one who sought to liberate himself from his fears, his past. It was in Manitoba that his writing style was to undergo the changes necessary for his creativity, for his search for salvation: a new Prometheus, he was to succeed in vanquishing despair, in overcoming the nostalgia that is so typical of émigrés. The product southern climes, he was at the same time metaphor and antithesis. He carried within him the experience of death and a Mediterranean joie de vivre, a cultural phenomenon well known, especially in Rome. Even in youth, he was acutely aware of the call of the “bateau ivre” that would eventually separate him permanently from Italy and France. It was the call of the unknown, that which unites the child and the exile in the same trauma, the pain caused by dreams, nostalgia, and awareness of another world, that of Manitoba, the sky and the prairie. His drama reached its heights in Bouquet de signes, where the poet triumphs over the pessimism of Conseils aux suicidés. Nonetheless, the Nordic universe enclosed him like a bird in a cage: his unending son, like the winters of Manitoba, was colored with irony, even with existential fear. Amprimoz did battle with the forces of nature and against his own sensibility, a struggle in which he frequently found himself defenceless, powerless: his poetic voice seemed to fail him in Manitoba; the white shroud which envelopes beings and things remained that of the entombment of the crucified. He was nonetheless compelled to leave the tomb, to escape the marble of the cathedrals and the hills of Tuscany, of the Mediterranean. Despite the harrowing metaphors and images which emerge from Amprimoz's poetry, the Manitoban cycle certainly marks a renewal in his writing. It was in the land of black and white that he would find his true Changements de tons, the path that would lead him from the inner labyrinth, from his purgatory: he would finally find his mission, his voice. Prometheus would conquer fear, would discover the light of other suns, a moving allusion to Dante's Divina Commedia that he so loved.

In Rice v. Cayetano, rendered in February 2000, the Supreme Court of the United States decided that reserving the right to vote to “Hawaiians” (i.e., all persons who are descendants of people inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands in 1778) and “Native Hawaiians” (i.e., those of at least fifty percent Hawaiian ancestry) for the election of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs trustees was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court decided that this measure was contrary to the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America (USA). This provision declares that the “right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the USA or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. In their text, the authors intend to discuss the Rice decision and its impact on the right of Indigenous peoples to self-determination in Hawaiʻi and, in other Pacific islands under American control, such as Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. For instance, in 2016 and 2017, two Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands and Guam laws, respectively reserving the right to vote to those of “Northern Marianas descent” and to “Native inhabitants of Guam”, were declared unconstitutional by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and by the District Court of Guam (appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court rejected), following, in both cases, the Rice decision. In Hawaiʻi, in Guam and in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the capacity of Indigenous peoples to self-determine is intrinsically linked to their capacity to self-identity.

Keywords: Droit, États-Unis d'Amérique, autodétermination, identité, peuples autochtones, Hawaiiens, Chamorros, Hawaiʻi, Guam, Îles Mariannes du Nord, Law, United States of America, self-determination, identity, Indigenous peoples, Hawaiians, Chamorros, Hawaiʻi, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands

This is an essay about contemporary Hongkong cinema and culture. It focuses on the film Rouge (1987), which was adapted from the novella Yanzhi kou (1986) by Li Bihua and directed by Stanley Kwan. Ruhua, a female ghost, comes back from the underworld in the 1980s to look for her lover decades after they committed suicide together. Her search reveals the details of a type of romance which seems to have disappeared in the contemporary world. The essay examines the strong sense of nostalgia emanating from this melancholic love story from several perspectives: the filmic image, ethnography, the agency of chance, and the fantasy of an alternative community in a Hongkong caught in the crisis of its imminent "return" to China by 1997.

AbstractThe family's structure is the system of interactions within the family that influences the behavior of each member and his/her perception of reality (Todd, 1983). The diversity of structures can have an influence on the strategic development of family firms. In fact, the development of family firms, in particular of small size, suggests the idea of the strategic organization of these firms into a hypogroup that allows the implementation of growth strategies by creation of new units. Thus, our ambition, through this research, is to study the influence of the family's structure on the development of the family firm into a hypogroup.Information is collected through semi-oriented interviews conducted with owner-managers of five cases of hypogroups. The data were subject to thematic content analysis (TCA). It was possible to conclude that the strategic organization into hypogroup was adopted by managers that wanted to grant each of the successors the same opportunities to achieve his/her personal goals. The equity between successors permits to avoid internal conflicts that can impact the family firm perenniality. The choice of the activity of the newly created unit depends on the profile of the successor. Given that successors have different profiles, the development into hypogroup is conducted through a diversification strategy.

Keywords: Entreprise familiale, Structure de la famille, Égalité, Hypogroupe, Diversification

This article is based on an ongoing study of the memory of rights in Quebec community organizations over a fifty-year period (1960-2010), which involves accounts by movement actor-witnesses in five sectors of action, namely women, migration, disability, mental health, and LGBT. The article sets out a preliminary analysis of this material by focusing on 16 of the actor-witnesses that were met with in the sector of migration, and more specifically the main struggles in which they have been involved. Special attention is given to the wording of a legal dispute and on interactions between civil society and the state, especially regarding instances of immigration and labour issues. The wording of the dispute, which is the result of a contention between the actor-witnesses, the groups they represent, and state power and the dominant society, brings to light how legal and human-rights ideas are expressed, transformed, and applied in this specific realm. The concept of the social life of rights is highlighted in connection with collective memory, testimony, and the issue of culture.

Keywords: Saillant, Lévy, Ramirez-Villagra, mémoire, témoignage, droits humains, droits de la personne, reconnaissance, immigration, réfugiés, Canada, Québec, ONG, groupes communautaires, Saillant, Lévy, Ramirez-Villagra, Memory, Testimony, Human Rights, Recognition, Immigration, Refugee, Canada, Quebec, NGO, Community Groups, Saillant, Lévy, Ramirez-Villagra, memoria, testimonios, derechos humanos, derechos de la persona, reconocimiento, inmigración, refugiado, Canadá, Quebec, ONG, grupos sociales