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The "Rule of Law" and "Individual Property Rights" are often regarded as necessary conditions for economic growth and development. Recently, the common ownership of First Nation reserve lands in Canada was identified as "Dead capital." Apparently, the problems of delayed development can be traced to a dysfunctional property system. A serious critique of collective ownership with its concomitant high transactions costs suggests a stronger on-reserve role for market relations. Only by individualizing land ownership and coming out from under the Indian Act can the commercial potential of reserve lands be realized. Clearly, a closer look at the property rights paradigm is required. To assist with a discussion of such proposals for development, this paper will employ a critical economic history approach, by (i) explaining the foundations of the property rights paradigm; (ii) employing two case summaries to demonstrate how US and Canadian authorities directed the conversion of collective Indigenous land holdings to individual transferable titles; and (iii) identifying some outcomes associated with the creation of transferable individual rights in property. Two case summaries demonstrate how economic history can illustrate the private property rights experiences of Indigenous peoples. Coercion by the United States government resulted in the breakup (allotment) and sale of large Indian territorial reservation lands. In the Canadian prairie west, Métis entitlements took the form of grants of millions of acres of scrip and the assignment or conveyance of their interests left them without a land base. In these cases, lands and entitlements ostensibly reserved for Indigenous peoples were diverted to emerging settler land markets. Evidence suggests that the weaker property rights of speculators/settlers triumphed over the legally recognized rights of Indigenous peoples. In other words, the Rule of Law in respect of property was somewhat different for settlers/speculators and Indigenous peoples. In these historical cases, the individualization of collective ownership into transferable assets had similar outcomes that do not seem to accord with predictions that economic growth will ensue from the promotion of private property rights and the reduced transaction costs.

Keywords: Business And Economics, Capital, Coercion, Costs, Delayed, Developmental delays, Economic development, Economic growth, Economic history, Ethnic Interests, Externality, Human rights, Indigenous peoples, Land, Native North Americans, Ownership, Paradigms, Private property, Property rights, Prosperity, Rule of law, Settlers, Trade, Transaction costs, Transactions

The Tibetan term, bcud len, "imbibing the essence juice", is considered an equivalent for the Sanskrit term, rasāyana. But in Tibetan Buddhist ritual manuals, both terms occur, apparently with slightly different connotations. Practices classified as bcud len are frequently relatively short, and seem primarily designed for the use of individual yogis, usually as a subsidiary practice to complement their main tantric meditation. The production of bcud len pills which are said to sustain, rejuvenate and extend the life of the body, or even to bring immortality, is often an integral part of the practice. The term, rasāyana, is used in Tibetan transliteration (ra sā ya na), not as a title or classification for a specific ritual practice or recipe for pills, but rather to refer to the processes of alchemical transformation of substances within complex ritual "medicinal accomplishment" (sman sgrub) performances which are generally communal. In this case too, pills are produced, of the broader "sacred elixir dharma medicine" (dam rdzas bdud rtsi chos sman) type. This paper will consider a range of the practices, and of substances used in the sacred medicinal compounds.

One of the stories most frequently adapted to cinema is certainly that of the Flood, which recounts the story of Noah who, at God’s request, builds an ark to protect a pair of animals from each species from a flood that will wipe out all living beings on Earth. This article focuses on the numerous American animated short films created between the 1920s and 1930s that are inspired by, reference, or adapt this biblical story. Given this strong concentration, this article will attempt to answer the following question: What makes the story of the biblical Flood so suitable for animated adaptation in the 20s and 30s? Drawing in particular on the concept of "adaptogénie" (Gaudreault and Marion, 2008), we will first attempt to explain the popularity of the Flood for animated filmmakers. Then, we will study the different transtextual configurations (Genette, 1982) that these films invoke. Finally, we will question the moral significance of these cartoons: did they carry a religious message, did they use the Flood for subversive purposes or rather as a pretext to insert gags featuring animals? Based on the words of Tzvetan Todorov (2008), we assert that these filmmakers attempted to humanize the divine, that is to say, to desacralize the story of the Flood by referring to it or transposing it to animated cinema.

Keywords: adaptation animée, animated adaptation, the Flood, le Déluge, cartoon, cartoon, transtextualité, transtextuality, intertextualité, intertextuality, hypertextuality, hypertextualité

The way in which the “Holy” is chanted in Christian worship once inspired Rudolf Otto’s theory of the “mysterium tremendum” and the “mysterium fascinans”. Today, the Sanctus is acclaimed in Eucharistic celebrations, internalised and constantly reaffirmed. But much has changed on account of liturgical law requirements, and of the mode of performance during congregational singing, usually in one’s mother tongue. Alternatives versions of the classical Sanctus seek a greater identification of the faithful with the “Holy”, while also considering the biblical origin of the text and the theological meaning of the Sanctus. An analysis of German songbooks reveals the authors’ use of various musical tools and of paraphrasing to modify the Sanctus: the leading theme is the deepening of one’s personal relationship with God, while the ancient Oriental context, i.e. the Sanctus as the song of the angels as heavenly hosts, recedes completely into the background.

Keywords: Sanctus, Sanctus, holy, saint, culte, worship, new chants, nouveaux chants, alternatives, alternatives, variations, variations

Keywords: formation pédagogique, accompagnement pédagogique, développement professionnel, centre de pédagogie universitaire, conseil pédagogique

This paper explores the transformative potential of feminist research-creation through the lens of krisis and collaborative world-building, positioning research-creation as both a method and an ethic of care. Revisiting the ancient Greek concept of krisis—a moment of judgment and discernment—as a framework for inquiry, the author contrasts her prior scholarly work embedded in traditional frameworks of critique, often rooted in metaphors of violence, with the reparative methodologies developed through her work with the Decameron Collective. Over four years of iterative collaboration, the Collective produced award-winning multimodal digital projects Decameron 2.0 and Memory Eternal, which use storytelling, co-creation, and curation to respond creatively to crises from the pandemic to climate change. This paper argues that research co-creation can redefine krisis as a site of generative potential, where making and theorizing intertwine to produce new forms of knowledge and connection. By centering relationality, materiality, and feminist ethics, the Collective’s work moves beyond solitary modes of inquiry to establish a collaborative, care-driven practice. Situating research-creation within philosophical traditions of theoria and contemporary feminist thought, the paper highlights a number of ways such collaborative creation and curation can sustain communities, foster epistemological innovation, and offer reparative responses to crises. The paper ultimately positions research co-creation and co-authorship integrating storytelling, digital design, and collective reflection in slow scholarship as a vital methodology for navigating complex global challenges and reimagining the role of scholarship in a world facing ongoing crises.

Keywords: Connaissances primordiales, Théories et concepts de la didactique, Didactique menacée