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ABSTRACTAt Rivière-du-Loup, a locality along the south shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary, the postglacial marine transgression (Goldthwait Sea), which occurred between 12.5 and 12.8 ka, reached a maximum level of approximately 135 m. The isostatic recovery was very rapid. By 9000 BP, about 85% of the coastal emergence had occurred. Three sections in the present day high tidal marsh provided evidence for a low stand of the sea level during the mid-Holocene, which was followed by a minor transgression, possibly up to 8 m in range. These events are documented by fossil organic deposits dated between 6200 ± 100 and 7140 ± 70 BP overlying deep marine clay of the Goldthwait Sea, and overlayed by an intertidal deposit of stratified fine sand and silt containing colonies of Mya arenaria in living position dated between 5610 ± 90 and 5700 ± 90 BP. The Mitis Terrace (+6m level) was built between 3000 and 1500 BP, while the modern high marsh which overlies a tidal flat deposit of stratified fine sand and silt, dated circa 850 BP, is younger than 300 years BP. These data supply additional evidence for Holocene sea level fluctuations already observed in five other localities along the south shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary.

AbstractThe coastlines of Haiti are host to numerous activities: fishing, coastal trade, harvesting of mangrove forests. The economic downturn has also driven the island's mainland population to the coastlines as they try to capitalize on their potential. The situation has created instability within the fragile ecosystems and among the traditional coastal populations. General individual hardship and a lack of government resources limit any chance of effective management. The coasts of the Gonave gulf are overshadowed by Port-au-Prince, which generates the largest amount of activity and the most conflicts over use. The Arcadin coast is awaiting a return to tourism and the western part of the South Canal is resigned to decay and isolation.

Keywords: littoraux haïtiens, canal du Sud, canal Saint-Marc, golfe de la Gonave, mangroves, coraux, activités littorales, conflits d'utilisation, gestion intégrée des littoraux, Haitian coast, South Canal, Saint-Marc Canal, Gulf of Gonave, mangrove, corals, coastal activities, conflicts over use

The Sea woman iconography is very rich and characterized by an important diversity. However, the Sedna on the cross, carved in 2006 by Bill Nasogaluak remains a unique piece of art. In this paper, I argue that this new image of the Sea woman does not characterize the beginning of a new period in Inuit art, but a new step in Inuit Christian visual culture. This art piece not only shows how Inuit have deeply adopted Christianity, it illustrates, eventually, how Inuit perceive better than us who are caught in our naturalist cosmology, how Christianity has also an animistic part which cannot be denied.

In New Caledonia tribes, new socioeconomic practices and environmental management negotiations between Kanak people and the Administration reflect a desire to reappropriate and reformulate their relations to nature and land. The notion of « relations » is indeed central to the recent evolution of environmental law, especially regarding marine territories. Claimed territorial legitimacy, particularly considering land-sea continuity, express the projection of representations and ways of being in the world. They are part of the social order and relations that bind humans to each other, to the invisible world of the ancestors and to non-humans. The involvement of Kanak inhabitants of the coats of the Great South of New Caledonia in marine protected area management arenas and the development of new local socioeconomic activities argue for a paradigm shift in environmental management and conservation: above all, what is at stake is to maintain a way of life, which sustainability lies in the ability of contemporary societies to define meaning and to maintain the relations between humans and with the territory.

Keywords: Sabinot, Herrenschmidt, pratiques, territoire, nature, kanak, continuité terre-mer, aires marines protégées, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Sabinot, Herrenschmidt, practices, territory, nature, kanak, land-sea continuity, marine protected areas, New Caledonia, Sabinot, Herrenschmidt, prácticas, territorio, naturaleza, kanak, continuidad tierra-mar, áreas marinas protegidas, Nueva Caledonia

Keywords: Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, migration, Enguehard, Françoise, Atlantique littéraire

Immediately after the adoption of its Arctic Pollution Prevention Act in 1970, Canada embarked on intense diplomatic efforts in a number of international for a to obtain recognition of international law principles which would serve as a basis for its legislation. These efforts were pursued mainly in three international conferences : the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment of 1972, the London Conference of the International Maritime Consultative Organization on the prevention of pollution by ships in 1973 and the United Nations Third Law of the Sea Conference which began in 1974 at Caracas. At the 1975 session of that Conference, held in Geneva, a form of Artic clause was inserted in the first Negotiating Text and it provided that coastal States could adopt special protective measures in special areas within their exclusive economic zone, where exceptional hazards to navigation prevailed and marine pollution could cause irreversible disturbance of the ecological balance. In 1976, the provision was enlarged to enable coastal States themselves to enforce such protectives measures, instead of leaving the enforcement to the flag State, and the provision has been kept without change in all the subsequent negotiating texts of 1977, 1979 and 1980. Considering the wide consensus which this provision has received, particularly on the part of other Arctic States, it may now be regarded as part of customary international law and completely validates Canada's arctic legislation.

This article analyses the vulnerability of coastal communities facing coastal flooding hazard, in the region Pays de la Loire (France). This work is related to studies lead after storm Xynthia, 28 February 2010 (Mercier et Acerra, 2011; Przyluski et Hallegattes, 2012; CETE de l'Ouest, 2012a), which submerged many low reliefs(under the altitude of 4,50 m NGF). Xynthia caused considerable damages on habitations and the death of 41 people in Charente-Maritime and Vendée. This article aims to identify, among 120 municipalities in Loire-Atlantique and Vendée, the most vulnerable to coastal flooding hazard. The study intends to understand what make these municipalities potentially vulnerable using a statistical analysis: multiple correspondance analysis (MCA). A typology of municipalities is built according to criteria of vulnerability, such as topography, human and real estate stakes, coastal flooding archives, elements of natural hazards management. Cartographic results show that topographical and historical factors are key elements to determine vulnerable municipalities to coastal flooding hazard.

Keywords: vulnérabilité, submersion marine, tempête Xynthia, urbanisation, littoral, analyse des correspondances multiples, Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, France, vulnerability, coastal, flooding hazard, storm Xynthia, coastline, urbanization, multiple correspondence analysis, Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, France

Thomas Crow (1985) has established that the Academy's Salon was the theatre of an art crisis in the France of Louis XV. This has inspired a comparison between the tempests and shipwrecks of Claude-Joseph Vernet (1714–1789) and his series Les Ports de France (1754–1765), commissioned on behalf of the King by Marigny. In the first part of the article, we examine the popularity of the former paintings. After analysing the enthusiastic response of Diderot in his Salons, directly inspired by Burke's treatise on the sublime, we show that the success of these paintings was in their power to produce strong emotions in the spectator's mind. We then describe the perception of the sea in the eighteenth century in order to anchor Diderot's critique in a body of non-artistic representations. The popularity of Vernet's tempests and shipwrecks rests on a lack of social symbolism. This gives them a universal character with which, unlike the more aristocratie history painting, spectators of ail origins can identify. The last section deals with Les Ports de France. We begin by discussing the choice of landscape for such a prestigious work, which can be explained by the necessity to renew the image of the state. The choice of the seaport motif answered both the need of propaganda by imposing a unitary vision of France and the wish to recall Colbert's heritage. Finally we analyse how the King and the Salon received the series by concluding that it was ultimately a failure for political and aesthetic reasons.