Documents found
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703.More information
The abundance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic has declined significantly in recent decades. Despite substantial efforts to reverse this trend, few stocks have shown signs of recovery. The decreasing number of adult salmon returning to rivers may be due to an increase in natural marine mortality linked to a reduction in growth. The present study aimed to verify whether this hypothesis was supported by two marine phase scalar growth indices (the maximum intercirculi distance attained during the first summer at sea and the total intercirculi distance of the marine growth zone) and the abundance of salmon returning to the Matane River (Québec, Canada). Although the two indices show significant interannual differences, they show an upward trend from 1964 to 1979 and a downward trend from 1995 to 2012. These trends are similar to those of river returns by adult salmon and to the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). These similarities support the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between marine growth and mortality, which would subsequently result in variations in abundance.
Keywords: circuli, croissance marine, mortalité naturelle, oscillation nord-atlantique, saumon atlantique, Atlantic salmon, circuli, marine growth, natural mortality, North Atlantic Oscillation
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704.
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707.More information
The composer Luigi Dallapiccola writes his own libretti. His first opera, Volo di notte (1937-39), re-writes Saint Exupéry’s work in the operatic genre, thereby redefining the use of space as pertains to a novel. The stage is no longer neutral. Examining the spatial dimension of Dallapiccola’s opera, this article demonstrates its delicate and meaningful construction, wherein technology collides with the operatic genre. This collision occurs in part because Dallapiccola adds radiotelegraphic technology to pre-existing aircraft technology. The work is staged in airmail service offices, a unique place which music enhances and yet renders invisible, between light and shadow, dreams and nightmares. The sky represents the heart of absence ; Fabien’s space, a cabin for a condemned hero, is impalpable, but it resonates, resounds and redoubles as a result of the radiotelegraph operator’s voice. Dallapiccola’s modern messenger enables the spaces to be permeated; the radio is the technological artifice symbolising distance, but which, paradoxically, appears nevertheless authentic as it epitomizes the notion of mimesis. Fabien never appears on the stage because he is embodied by a machine that absorbs the radiotelegraph operator: he is a machine-messenger. Dallapiccola thereby stages the visible and the invisible, enabling a theatrical crescendo leading to the ultimate space for the hero of the opera, a space which is fundamentally contrapuntal: this sacred sphere is the Dallapiccolian spatial prototype which came to span the composer’s entire oeuvre.
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709.More information
Keywords: Antilles, départementalisation, assimilation, identité, Antillanité, Créolité
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710.More information
Several articles of the Charter of the Law of the Sea deal with land-based pollution, which is responsible for approximately 90% of all high sea's pollution. A detailed study of these articles shows that the Charter under-emphasizes the importance of land-based pollution. Authority to solve marine pollution is left to coastal states, who are but vaguely obliged to encourage means of regional cooperation to curtail damage to marine environment. These obligations are a first step in the long and difficult process of bringing about efficient pollution control by way of international cooperation.