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101.More information
This article provides a critical outline of Naoki Sakai's theory of translation. As Sakai's theory uses European thought (particularly French post-structuralism) as a critical lens for the analysis of Japanese modernity, the theory itself represents an unprecedented East-West dialogue. Critical both of claims of Western dominance and Eastern mimicry, Sakai casts aside the question of translatability, instead favoring an analysis of the potential failure of translation, which is inherent to all acts of translation and communication.
Keywords: Japon, communication, poststructuralisme, modernité, études culturelles, Japan, communication, post-structuralism, modernity, Cultural Studies
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103.More information
AbstractAn examination is made of how transport geography in the Taiwan strait is affecting the spatial representations of the region. The study's context is provided by an overview of the evolution of political discourses in China and Taiwan. An examination is made of alteration in extra-regional and intra-regional maritime shipping patterns in 1990 and 2000 to highlight the transformation of China's and Taiwan maritime and continental space. Interpreting these changes exposes the interlocking partnerships in terms of maritime regulations, participation in shipping alliance, hubbing strategies and route choice made by the chinese and taiwanese carriers. The study highlights the extent to which transport geography has a bearing on political geography.
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Faced with growing land scarcity, making agricultural land available remains a complex issue. The rural lease contract, created in France during post-war agriculture modernization policies, remains an essential tool for that. Designed to fulfill the requirements of farming modernization and intensification, this contract is however often rejected by landowners, afraid of losing their free will about their property. This paper questions the legitimacy of this type of contract in the current context, towards new modalities or arrangements for making land available. We postulate that developing a territorial agricultural project, shared both by farmers and landowners, stimulates the latter to make their land available for farming. Such project may actually contribute to a better recognition of main issues at stake and to a better acceptance of contract's terms and conditions. We illustrate our paper with the case of a program conducted in Ardèche (France) to promote renovation of old chestnut's orchards. We underline especially the importance of constructing this shared project at different scales, from the territory to the agricultural plot, to improve acceptance and conditions of land availability.
Keywords: foncier, bail rural, châtaigne, Ardèche, animation foncière, projet agricole, territoire, land, rural lease, chestnut, Ardèche, agricultural project, territory project
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110.More information
The palm oil sector has proven competitive and profitable. Environmentally friendly farming techniques exist and there is room for improving the production of smallholder plantations. A sustainable development of the palm oil sector is possible but the business models have to be reconsidered through the setting up of micro or mini palm oil mills in degraded or deforested areas, and fostering the development of smallholder plantations in contract with agro-industries. Therefore, an adapted framework has to be put in place as a prerequisite for a sustainable development trajectory of the palm oil sector - e.g. enhancing production methods that are economically viable (higher yields per hectare, disease and pest control, etc.), socially equitable (respect for workers' rights, consent of local communities, etc.) and protecting the environment (biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and adaptation, etc.). Such improvement should operate at two levels : by developing synergies between smallholders and agro-industries and by facilitating the access to land to local and vulnerable communities at the local level ; by capacity building and by strengthened political and economic governance at national level, in order to enforce the existing laws and encourage sustainability among the different stakeholders involved in the sector.
Keywords: palmier à huile, palmeraies, agro-industrie, foncier, Cameroun, gouvernance, développement durable, impacts ESG, RSE, palm oil, palm grove, palm industry, Cameroon, governance, sustainable development, ESG impacts, CSR