Documents found
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ABSTRACTThe theory of the optimum currency areas—OCA—has been, for forty years, an unavoidable framework regarding the choice of the exchange's mode. Of Keynesian inspiration, it initially supplements the friedmanian plea in favor of the generalized floating exchange rate mode. Improved, then deeply renewed by taking into account time inconsistency and the theory of credibility—the new theory of the optimal currency areas—, Mundell's construction is still robust and topical. The OCA theory maintains all its relevance at a time of rising regional unions, it is currently being used to help Canada determine the optimal mode of exchange vis-a-vis the currency of the United States—float, dollarization, monetary union—, or to help the Asian countries tempted by the peg and by regional solutions.
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This article examines the process of selecting expatriate managers. Thanks to a symbolical interactionist approach, the authors show how, within a dynamic between “self” and “exo-identities”, stereotypical representations of identity take part to build an “attributed identity”, which will act as a rational founding for a decision of assignment, doomed to failure.Finally, according to an approach focused on the individual, the authors show that the possibility of an international assignment acts predominantly as an implicit promise for a successful career. Thus, from the conception of “Promethean” trajectory, the eventually expatriate will experience the multiple phases of a “Protean” journey.
Keywords: Mobilité internationale, socialisation, expatriation, sélection, carrières, carrières protéennes, International Mobility, Socialization, Expatriation, Selection, Careers, Protean Careers, Movilidad internacional, socialización, expatriación, selección, carreras, carreras proteicas
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Emerging perspectives on the labor of animals highlight the role of non-humans in generating value. However, few of these accounts explore the role of resistance in shaping the character of animal labor and the structure of this activity within value chains. In this essay, I explore the relationship between animal labor under capitalism, its relationship to resistance, and the potential offered by contemplation of resistance to capitalist time. First, I examine animal labor, focusing particularly on animals used for food, and attempt to untangle the complexity of their structural place within systems of value under capitalism. Second, I discuss the specific antagonism that shapes the work of food animals, where animals confront humans, and increasingly machines, in relations of hostility. My aim here is to show the way that resistance is tied to the structural position of food animals as laboring subjects. The refinement of technologies of domination, and their response to the “wild” resistances of animals, aims at bringing animal labor time into sync with the rhythms of productive processes. This perspective highlights the politics of time involved with animal subordination to capital, but it also perhaps connects with a utopian imagining of life for animals outside of this time.
Keywords: Animaux, travail, résistance, Marx, capitalisme, Animals, Labor, Resistance, Marx, Capitalism
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This article presents different notions of social enterprise (SE) and underlines the acute need for capacity-building in the policy sphere where so far only microfinance and agricultural cooperatives have been supported by legislation from the Royal Government of Cambodia. Critical issues in Cambodia are the density of NGOs, which is where the majority of social enterprises come from, and changes to international aid arrangements. Key variables that distinguish SEs in Cambodia are whether they are registered as businesses and their governance. The article also highlights work on the typology of SEs in the East Asian region and differences with Southeast Asia.
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120.More information
This article presents different notions of social enterprise (SE) and underlines the acute need for capacity-building in the policy sphere where so far only microfinance and agricultural cooperatives have been supported by legislation from the Royal Government of Cambodia. Critical issues in Cambodia are the density of NGOs, which is where the majority of social enterprises come from, and changes to international aid arrangements. Key variables that distinguish SEs in Cambodia are whether they are registered as businesses and their governance. The article also highlights work on the typology of SEs in the East Asian region and differences with Southeast Asia.