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12.More information
Since World War II, the Southeast Asian countryside has changed considerably. Sedentary agriculture has expanded to regions never reached before. As a result, forests have retreated to such an extent in some countries, like Thailand or the Philippines, that the forests can no longer supply the internal market. However, this combination of agricultural expansion and deforestation is not specific to Southeast Asia; rather it is a universal process. Other examples, drawn from other regions of the world are examined; they all underline the fundamental role played by the State at each level of the process.
Keywords: Asie du Sud-Est, Europe, Chine, Brésil, expansion agricole, déforestation, Southeast Asia, Europe, China, Brazil, agricultural expansion, deforestation
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Futurology often looks like a new undertaking, the object of which would be to give people "the fantastic and marvellous" that every one needs: make one dream of tomorrow. But if the future is an alibi, it must also be a tool for mobilization. Prospective gives then to itself a less emphatic purpose: it is a new way of reading past and present (that is to say to understand history) as to define the prospects which make the future. The future is not determined in a mecanic way. It is the resultant and the expression of different projects (projects of economical groups and classes), which meet, clash inside a complex economic and social formation.In another way, to read history goes with the idea the future is to be made, which only results of classes, struggle, social and international power-relations.The method must unite on one side a way of production trends analysis (abstract time), and a social formation evolution (concrete time). It is a way of thinking which obviously can use traditional technics.
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AbstractIn the Asia-Pacific region, the Asian Development Bank (bad) is lending every year between 5 and 6 billion usd. It thus has a considerable influence on the orientations of the developing countries in the region. The bad is today the third most important donator in all Southeast Asia, after Japan and the World Bank. Its implication in the process of regional integration is proven, as shows the grand plan of development of the Indochinese peninsula, the Greater Mekong Subregion (gms). This ambitious project is one of the biggest transnational ones, with the implication of five countries of the continental Southeast Asia and the two Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Guangxi, and is now consideraded as the prototype of the great vision for regional development that the bad seeks to test and duplicate in other places in Asia. This article will also allow us to examine adb's modus operandi with regard to the criticism levelled against it.
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AbstractStarting with a critical discussion of Métier de sociologue by P. Bourdieu, J.-C. Chamboredon and J.-C. Passeron, and of Pouvoir politique et classes sociales by N. Poulantzas, the author analyses the complex relationship between sociological practice and marxist epistemology and historical materialism, this latter being conceived as the science of the means of production and social structure. The problem is to show the necessary complementarity between epistemological discipline and theoretical reflection with the objective of producing basic concepts to define the proper object of sociology and, in so doing, to give the sociology a right to theoretical status.
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This article analyses Japan's trade policy for Asia. Japan's approach to trade is characterized by an innovative policy of bilateralism and minilateralism, based on legalism and free trade and advocating a regional division of labor. This analysis is based on a pragmatic theoretical framework that integrates the contributions of international law and international political economy to new liberalism. A key finding of this analysis is that Japan's trade policy is quite proactive compared to the reactive stance associated with that country. Japan exerts intense economic state preferences in its call for legalism and free trade to face the rising power of China. Japan's actions favor the hardening and the regionalization of the post-wto trade system.
Keywords: Japon, politique commerciale, nouveau libéralisme, légalisme, libre-échange, Japan, trade policy, new liberalism, legalism, free trade