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Acousticians, ethnomusicologists and organologists, these general practitioners and specialists in Southeast or East Asia have come together to create a new general description of the mouth organ and of the free reed pipe. As an introduction to this issue of Circuit, connecting musicians and composers with musicologists and specialists in acoustics and sound recording, this essay takes an approach that passes through history, morphology, materials, details of workmanship and acoustics, pausing to make clarifications or corrections to a literature that is vast but scattered. Regarding the modernization of the instruments and the contexts where it occurs, the authors take the musicians' point of view into account.
Keywords: Orgue à bouche, anche libre, ethnomusicologie, acoustique, organologie, musique chinoise, musique d'Asie du Sud-Est
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AbstractThis paper aims at proving empirically the superiority of an explanation for recent financial crises in emerging countries which combines endogenous and exogenous factors rather than focusing only on one of these two kinds of factors. To this end, we built our empirical analysis on estimations of random effects models for panel data and the statistics of Fisher.To date, elements of a similar explanation were able to be brought only in the particular context of a particular crisis. Our contribution proves this superiority by using data related to 14 emerging countries and 3 recent periods of crises (Mexican 1994, Asian 1997 and Russian 1998), covering thus most of the financial crises which took place during the last decade.