Documents found
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651.More information
Nationalist policies and international politics inform the economic value and social capital attributed to varieties of Tamil taught as different heritage languages in Indian and Sri Lankan community schools and across French and English-medium public schools in Montreal, Quebec. In reimagining the local sociolinguistic division of labour between francophone and anglophone educational domains, Indian immigrants and Sri Lankan refugees pursue alternative sources of funding and institutional partnerships to implement two distinct heritage language education curricula in this city. Sri Lankans seek to preserve a literary style of Tamil to serve as a repository of their patrimony and validate claims of cultural authenticity, whereas Indians seek to modernize colloquial styles of Tamil that promise them access to new markets, facilitate speakers' mobility, and affirm their claims of global modernity. Articulating these different valuations of a minority language exposes the competitive and collaborative dynamics of neoliberalism.
Keywords: Das, division du travail sociolinguistique, enseignement des langues d'origine, tamoul, Québec, politique linguistique, néolibéralisme, idéologie linguistique, Das, Sociolinguistic Division of Labour, Heritage Language Education, Tamil, Quebec, Language Politics, Neoliberalism, Language Ideology, Das, división del trabajo sociolingüístico, enseñanza de las lenguas maternas, tamil, Quebec, política lingüística, neoliberalismo, ideología lingüística
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655.
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656.More information
Micro-finance, the subject of this article, encompasses financial services aimed at population groups with limited access to formal sources of finance and is characterized by small unitary amounts that are often considered in their local context. Following the example of solidarity economy initiatives, micro-finance's legitimacy and effectiveness depend on strong ties with the local community. The authors show, however, that micro-finance is globalized more than the other parts of the social economy in the sense that analogous models can be found in the world's most diverse regions. On the global level, micro-finance programs enable flows of technology, information and capital that link together diverse public authorities and institutions. Community organizations, international NGOs, foundations, pressure groups, local, national and federal government, and bilateral and multilateral development agencies create an environment favorable to resource hybridization.
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657.More information
SummaryParadoxically, if the ideal of communication has been one of the most important generator as well as a major by-product of the United States' history, as American media get more and more sophisticated and spued over the world, such an ideal is thrown away, joepardized, denounced, and sometimes, hijacked by Third World countries in order to fulfill their own ideological purposes. In industrialized as well as rapidly developing societies in Europe and Asia, this American ideology of communication is astutely salvaged as contextual information for decision making by strategists involved against the United States on the international economic scene.
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660.