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This qualitative study documents the experiences of Quebec university students (18) whose parents were born in Latin America, throughout their educational journey. The analysis reveals the existence of a boundary between those they call French-speaking Quebecers and the others. For them, this boundary based on a linguistic difference—often attributed to their accent—leads them to experience language anxiety and linguistic discrimination. They report that the education system does not take sufficient account of their difficulties. To conclude, paths of intervention promoting plurilingualism are identified to promote their inclusion.

Keywords: jeunes, youth, school experiences, expériences scolaires, discrimination linguistique, linguistic discrimination, immigration, immigration, Latin America, Amérique latine, Québec, Quebec, Canada, Canada

The history of codification in Africa is inseparable from the colonization period. Colonization per se, at least its political facet, came to an end forty years ago, during which the African States then adopted their own laws adapted to their specific situations. Unquestionably, the French Civil Code has left its influence and still influences African laws. Faced with the legal dualism produced by the importing of the French code, the question remains as to the choice that must be made either for the effective recognition, acceptance and respect of and for traditional African law systems, or for an abyss separating the law systems and social mores. The author has chosen to scrutinize that part of the originally African laws in recent reforms and verify if Africans, indeed, effectively read in them the state of their Law and the soul of their society. Otherwise, why and how may one attain such a goal ?

Abstract“A Frenchwoman Writes about Indochina, 1931-1949: Andrée Viollis and Anti-colonialism” examines investigative reporter Andrée Viollis' journalistic career, especially her articles and books on French and other European colonies between 1922 and 1935, in order to challenge recent postcolonial critiques of her 1935 book, Indochine S.O.S, as immured in colonial ideology and rhetoric, including a kind of patriarchal feminism, despite being an exposé of colonial abuses and sympathetic to indigenous rebels against the colonial regime. Following the lines of recent critiques of postcolonial cultural approaches for inattention to the material conditions of colonialism, and feminist transnational scholars who attempt to link labour conditions in the “First World” to those in the “Third World,” The article establishes Viollis' credentials as a liberal, not a maternal or patriarchal feminist, analyses her journalistic style, especially her use of indirect suggestion as a reporter in the popular daily press, and describes the interest in the colonies in the French public and press. Next the article describes Viollis' colonial reporting and publications from the 1920s through 1935, with special attention to her exposés of economic exploitation in British and French colonies. Third, the article examines the evidence cited in postcolonial critiques of Viollis' advocacy of equality between colonizers and colonized as mere equality between people of the same social class, her portrayal of indigenous Vietnamese as degraded, her belief that the French or French women should be moral tutors of the uncivilized natives, and finally her portrayal of indigenous peoples as degraded and animalistic, in light of a full analysis of her career and book. After a detailed analysis of her position on equality, morality, and the condition of peasants and workers up to and in the book, the articles rejects the evidence as partial and decontextualized, and the interpretation as unfamiliar with Viollis' style.

Keywords: Bourdaret, Jeanne Bellonie, Chantre, Madame B., Ernest, Voyage, Empire ottoman, Craniologie