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The occupational transition among young Quebecers with and without secondary school diplomas ; What role is played by the family ?This paper presents an analysis of the role of the family in the transition to an occupation among young Québec secondary school graduates (n = 32), and non-graduates (n = 35). The analysis of semi-directed interviews carried out 4 to 6 years after they left school is based on theories of social networks and forms of capital (human, social and economic). It demonstrates that the young non-graduates benefit more from the « weakness of strong ties » to avoid exclusion from the labour market, whereas the young graduates tend more to take advantage of « weak ties » and financial assistance from their parents to build their transition to working life.
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Abstract The article retraces the path followed in the course of twenty-five years of research. The point of departure was an investigation into the practice of censorship (drawing primarily upon diplomatic dispatches). This project led to the discovery that the prison records of the Conciergerie furnish the long-sought key to the criminal archives of the Parlement of Paris and open the door to intensive serial research. These archives tell us less about the levels of criminality in the society than they do about the image consciously projected by the judicial institution itself. The present text surveys witchcraft trials, torture and punishment, concluding with a preliminary sketch of the lessons to be drawn from a of 1500 hangings for the crime of infanticide.
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This article addresses the history of possession and preternatural interference through the lens of the senses. Because these sorts of cases featured the intersection of embodied and ephemeral perception, they provide singular opportunities to evaluate elite and popular conceptions of humans' capacity to sense what lay within and beyond the natural realm. Possession cases also offer a prime opportunity to examine how attempts to ascribe meaning to bodily acts required that writers present the senses of afflicted individuals and those who attended them as intricately connected. Published possession texts thus provide an entry point from which to evaluate aspects of “intersensorality,” when witnesses appeared both to experience overlapping senses themselves and occasionally to find their perceptions linked with afflicted persons in ways that surpassed what was natural. The paper also examines the role that insensibility played in some instances of possession propaganda, both when subjects experienced complete trances and when they displayed selective inability to see, hear, or speak in reaction to cultural cues.
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Based upon criminal trials, this paper explores the decline of death penalty (will be abolished in 1874) during the eighteenth century in the Republic of Geneva. Low rates of hangings reflected the decline of murders and other violent crimes. The arguments elaborated by various Attorney generals in charge of prosecuiting murderers and robbers revels a precocious reformism arguing for the rehabilitation of the convicts by their incarceration. A great part of the judicial reformism developped by Calvinist and enlightened Attorneys from the end of 1750's, foreshadows the modernization of penology which will take place at the beginning of the 19th century.