Documents found
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Interest, Rationality and Culture.This article uses the recent debate between James Coleman and William H. Sewell, Jr., as a foil to survey the struggle between two rising currents within the field of American sociology : so-called "Rational Action Theory" and historical and cultural sociology. Indeed, beyond these two authors, two opposed epistemological poles and two divergent conceptions of social action and of social science are found to be in contention. On the one hand, the offensive of homo oeconomicus, which Coleman partakes of, has found a most supporting environment in the resurgence of microsociology and theory (including the micro-macro debate), the proliferation of economic models throughout the social sciences and in the "invention" of Analytical Marxism. On the other hand, the disrepute, at once political and scientific, into which modernization theory and functionalist evolutionism fell in the 60s has given a new life to comparative historical sociology. Having noted the aporias into which each of these approaches leads when taken to an extreme, it is shown that Rational Action Theory remains trapped within an ahistorical and ungendered conception of the individual and an atomistic social on- tology and that it has yet to produce unequivocal and universal criteria of rationality. The social success of the rational choice model in the American academic community is due essentially to its elective affinity with the dominant vision of the social order as the mere aggregation of freely-made individual decisions and to its function of derealization and of exorcism of the threat of collective action.
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This research analyses the emergence of the dynamics of co-creation of public policies within complex institutional contexts, by mobilizing the concepts of co-creation, leadership and managerial innovation, as well as undertaking a longitudinal study integrating 35 interviews. In the setting of the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage routes, our results show that: (1) the co-creation of public policies is a long-term process linked to changes in the leadership of the stakeholders; (2) this is made possible by the emergence of associative border actors, the agents of managerial innovation. We include an evaluation grid of public co-creation as well as a classification of managerial innovations.
Keywords: co-création, politique publique, leadership, innovation managériale, Chemins de Compostelle, acteur-frontière, co-creation, public policy, leadership, managerial innovation, Camino de Santiago, boundary actor, co-creación, política pública, liderazgo, innovación en management, Caminos de Compostela, actor-frontera
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This analysis explores the rationale of the sanctions imposed on Russia in response to the invasion of Ukraine launched in February 2022. Sanctions research identifies three distinct logics: a classical logic that aims to destabilise a government by harming its economy as a whole and encouraging mass mobilisation; a more selective logic aimed at encouraging the elites to withdraw their support for the rulers, while a third logic conceives of sanctions as tools aimed at domestic audiences and third countries. The analysis concludes that all these logics operate simultaneously in the case of ongoing sanctions regime against Russia. This departs from previous practice which claimed to be “targeted”, introducing a turning point in the European Union's sanctions policy.
Keywords: PESC, sanctions économiques, Ukraine, Union européenne, Commission européenne, Russie, CFSP, economic sanctions, Ukraine, European Union, European Commission, Russia
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The interplay between the common law and the civil law at the Supreme Court of Canada is characterized by several types of relationships that are structured in ways that vary from one period to another and from one area of the law to another. Although the Supreme Court's concern in its early years was to standardize the law, the specificity and autonomy of the civil law came to be recognized, which has led to a genuine dialogue between the two legal traditions. This dialogic relationship has been reinforced by sociological, cultural, technical, institutional and legal factors. As a result of their dialogue, each of the traditions infuences the other through the occasional borrowing of legal solutions or through references made in comparative law analyses. The authors also show that there is at the present time no real convergence between the two legal traditions. Convergent relationships are limited to situations in which similar legal concepts or problems exist in the two traditions. Moreover, divergent relationships sometimes lead to confict between the traditions. The authors accordingly believe that the civil law and the common law will continue to evolve in parallel, while infuencing each other in a manner consistent with the general principles and structure of each tradition's legal system.
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