Search Results

This paper examines gendered violence between students in the school environment and the role it plays in adolescent identity development. In line with current research in this field, our study reveals that students act to socialize one another into a very constraining system of reciprocal controls that both constructs and supports a hierarchical and heteronormative organization of the sexes. Gendered peer violence, like the majority of daily interactions between students, restricts girls to a gendered order of domination. Despite their greater numbers and their academic success, girls find themselves marginalized within boy-centered peer groups. While an idealized egalitarian norm structures institutional discourse, adults in the school tend to support the development of gendered norms, meaning that girls may experience a concealed form of sexual harassment. The results are based on 39 semi-structured interviews with school directors as well as ethnographic observations of five schools with different socio-economic and geographic status over a school year.

Keywords: Violence, école, socialisation des filles, féminité, Violence, school, girl socialization, femininity, Violencia, colegio, socialización de las niñas, feminidad

It is well known that Socrates did not receive payment for his teaching. Criticism of teachers' accepting a salary was common among ancient philosophers, practiced notably by the Sophists. This refusal to receive a salary is based on a specific conception of the nature of philosophical knowledge itself, and on the relationship between the teacher and his pupil. This article seeks to examine the material and intellectual benefits that make teaching philosophy a rewarding activity that merits being chosen for itself, basing its approach on the works of Plato, Xenophon and Aristotle, in which the criticisms of salaried teachers are the most forceful.

Keywords: Platon, Xénophon, Aristote, enseignement, salaire, Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, teaching, wages

AbstractThis paper focuses on the rewriting of Hamlet by Laforgue, in his Moralités légendaires (Moral Tales). From an indication on a Montevideo flag, seen by Laforgue in Hamburg, as he was returning from Denmark, we place this tale in the wake of Yves Bonnefoy's critique, and notably his notion of “readiness.” We then propose a reinterpretation of the Moralité, where the main character, as modified by Laforgue, represents, at best, an injunction to leave experienced as a return to the origins, in particular filial. Thus, we are able to better understand the role of Montevideo in the work of Laforgue : a place where we could go, kept at a distance, as a horizon.

This article addresses fado through the prism of the repertoire, a concept that strongly structures practices and is constantly debated by performers. This entry allows us to reflect on the unity, continuity, and creativity of this intermedial song, at once traditional and modern, oral and written, performative and mass mediated. Fado can thus be approched as an art of recovery: each performer, by reappropriating elements and producing new configurations in performance, reactivates and renews the repertoire, while leaving his or her imprint on a collective memory of performances. Through an historical perspective, we observe how each period has reinvested and redefined the repertoire and the affects, values, and memories it has come to convey.

The question of the relations between an author and his or her readers recurs almost systematically when it comes to African writers. Indeed, for those among them whose work is published in the northern hemisphere, maintaining a link with the readers from their country of origins remains a challenge. Besides, « addressing one's people » is one of the obvious aims, not just of all authors, but even more for those who, like Boubacar Boris Diop, define themselves as committed writers. This article analyses the way in which Diop, whose publishing career is multifaceted, has constantly evolved in his writing to reach the widest possible African readership, and in particular readers from his own country, Senegal. If his work is fairly widely distributed not just in France but in Africa as well, Boubacar Boris Diop has also decided to switch from French to Wolof as the language in which he writes his novels. In so doing, the author-cum-journalist has also become a teacher and a publisher, betting on a slowly but relentlessly growing readership in the future. In this way, he has also built up a body of work which is rooted in his local environment while remaining well-known internationally. We shall therefore see how, throughout his writing career, the relations between centre and periphery are being totally redefined, notably thanks to the recourse to translation.

Among the twelve novels that Tierno Monénembo has published up to the present day, six actually share a similar narrative pattern : the enunciation takes the form of a speech addressed to a present or absent interlocutor. That enunciative choice, which could be dubbed « the addressed narrative », is close to the « speaking novel » studied and theorized by Jérôme Meizoz ; yet it does not only build bridges between narrators and narratees, it also establish significant links between Monénembo's various novels and their respective characters. The author's works can thus be read as an uninterrupted dialogue between the living and the dead, or between the continents of Africa, Europe and the Americas. The following paper studies the « narrative kinships » that bind together six of Monénembo's novels, and it focuses on the ways these various narratives deal most specifically with the issue of filiation.

Keywords: Monénembo, récit adressé, filiation, Monénembo, addressed narrative, kinship

New York, late 1980s, Lower East Side. A group of jazz and improvizational musicians work to revive the klezmer music of their ancestors, of which only shadows remain since the destruction of the Jews of Europe. Under the aegis of John Zorn, they create a torrid community, giving birth to a scene known as Radical Jewish Culture. Today, this revitalized music, intermixed with influences from the Jewish diaspora and New York cosmopolitanism, is undeniably popular in the United States, as well as Europe and Japan. How did these musicians achieve this triumph over oblivion, fanning the ashes of these melodies from the depths of the shtetls back to full flame, making them more contemporary than ever? This article focuses on the genesis of this musical movement, whose history continues to be written.

Keywords: Radical Jewish Culture, klezmer, David Krakauer, John Zorn, Marc Ribot, Downtown, Radical Jewish Culture, klezmer, David Krakauer, John Zorn, Marc Ribot, Downtown

This article focuses on the different ways African troops' implication in the Second World War has been staged by various French and African Francophone writers. Once granted the traditional tributes to soldiers' sacrifices, the exact role played by Africa in the history of the ‘Free France' is hardly acknowledged, or it is dealt at best with some historical inaccuracies. Some of these have been corrected by African writers, whose fictions dwelt on the importance of the African military campaigns in the world conflict, yet even those novelistic approaches kept on being mostly allusive or simply ironical. Contemporary African writers such as Tierno Monénembo or Patrice Nganang have finally managed to provide readers with accurate accounts of Africa at war and in resistance, be it on the french soil or the african continent.

What place does the body hold in sociology of work ? A rereading of recent studies reveals a new interest in this subject. A point of view focused on activity makes it possible to give to the body an explanatory function that it did not have in the first studies in sociology of work.

Keywords: sociologie du travail, corps, activité, sociology of work, body, activity, sociología del trabajo, cuerpo, actividad