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The sociology of social problems reached a turning point in the 1960s with the emergence of a new way of dealing with “deviance”, put forward in books and articles by Howard Becker, Erving Goffman, Joseph Gusfield, Fred Davis, Aaron Cicourel, and others. This article looks back at this key moment. In reviewing the journal Social Problems (1961-1965), it challenges the notion that there was ever something like a unified “labelling school”. It recalls the importance of the Society for the Study of Social Problems and the Berkeley Center for the Study of Law and Society as the institutional settings for this theoretical shift. It discusses the novelty of what will later be referred to as interactionist and ethnomethodological approaches. Lastly, it reviews the categories of societal response, careers and cultures, moral crusade, and social control, which have since become classic. And it asks a series of questions that will henceforth apply to the study of public problems : who suffers and who acts ? Who counts and measures ? Who accuses and condemns ? Who surveils and punishes ?
Keywords: Déviance, problèmes publics, théorie de l'étiquetage, contrôle social, Howard Becker, Deviance, public problems, labelling theory, social control, Howard Becker, Desviación, problemas públicos, teoría del etiquetado, control social, Howard Becker
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Mikhail Bakthin, the great Russian theoretician of the novel, did not have the opportunity - for short-term reasons - to analyze in depth the work of Marcel Proust. In this article, written as a contribution to the colloquium “Bakhtine / Proust, glances crossed”, organized by Tatiana Victoroff and Luc Fraisse at the Gorky Institute of Moscow (October 2019), it is a question of this failure and its repercussions on the history of literature, especially for the evolution of literary genres between Dostoievsky's polyphonic novel and the intertexte, post-novel genre whose development implies the recognition of In Search of Lost Time as an intermediate narrative genre, the autofiction.
Keywords: Bakhtine, Proust, Dostoïevski, Luc Fraisse, Tatiana Victoroff, Gorki, intertexte, autofiction, Bakhtine, Proust, Dostoïevski, Luc Fraisse, Tatiana Victoroff, Gorki, intertexte, autofiction