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Following the example of several other countries and Canadian provinces, Québec is currently reforming its public education system. Preceding this reform, since 1960 there has been a strong tendency towards democratization. Among other things, several factors both inside and outside the Québec education system explain this reform, such as political, economic, social, technological and ethical motifs, as well as weakening structures, or dysfunctions in systems management. In the face of the agitation reform often creates, it is useful to examine the situation from time to time. This article is a review of the state of school management in Québec public schools at the primary and secondary levels. While many steps have been taken to democratize school management in Québec, there still seem to be irritants within this field of reflection and practice. In fact, even though there have been many modifications to Québec educational systems, favouring decentralization and focusing on results and the concept of accountability, it seems that little effort has gone into managing the process. Is it possible that there is no management model other than the mechanistic structure supported by a bureaucracy and Fayol’s principles of management with which to manage, through rules and procedures, educative activities? Our research led us to identify another management model, which, in the eyes of many, could take process management into consideration, while keeping the evaluation of results in sight. After the description of the problem surrounding Québec school management, we will present readers with this model of management, which is considered a valuable alternative to the mechanistic model.
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From 1962 to 1975, the Dutch magazine Pep represented an attempt to spread and emulate the Franco-Belgian model. In the beginning, Pep relied on the two heros, Tintin and Mickey Mouse. By the end of its first year, however, in order to reach a teenage audience, the magazine adopted an identity inspired by the post-war Franco-Belgian tradition, with a combination of Spirou and Pilote as its main reference. After 1965, editors-in-chief Peter Middeldorp and Hetty Hagebeuk actually encouraged the emergence of a new artistic scene derived from the Franco-Belgian model. Local artists such as Daan Jippes, Henk Albers or Dick Matena, each in his own way, perpetuated the legacy of Morris, Goscinny, Uderzo and Franquin. The market developing around the journal was deemed promising by a number of Belgian players such as Morris and Delporte, who began creating works directly for Pep. Even so, the dynamics were not substantial enough to enable the Dutch authors to create publications of lasting international prominence.
Keywords: Pep, Pays-Bas, tradition franco-belge, presse jeunesse, diffusion internationale, Pep, Netherlands, Franco-Belgian tradition, youth press, international distribution
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The print press adventure of Gai Pied — originally intended to be a monthly, and then becoming a weekly, general interest magazine — played a pivotal role at a key point in gay affirmation in France during the early eighties. Its political and social stances stretched well beyond the range of sheer militant activism, taking the elder Libération as its model. At first, Gai Pied sought to give a public voice to gays and to enable them to bring a specific perspective on a changing world, without limiting itself to homosexual issues. Due to power struggles within the team which led to several internal crises, the difficulty in appealing to the gay community as a whole, the constraints of a commercial venture and the ideological disinterest following the election of François Mitterrand as President of the Republic, by 1983, the magazine was compelled to alter its editorial strategy. At that point, it yielded to consumerism, catering to only a small fraction of its readers: those who are regulars at the different venues in large cities. Thus, the initial project, both in its originality and its complexity, was doomed to fail.
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French right-wing populists tend to include more and more ecology in their discourses. Against a left-wing ecology, supposedly elitist and “bobo”, national populists defend a rooted ecology. In this paper, I will focus on the genealogy of this motif. Is conservative ecology a unitary concept ? Moreover, since it is used by religious actors, can we consider it as an expression of a Christian imaginary ? I wish to develop a threefold reasoning : study the uses of ecology in French national populist discourses (I), understand the intellectual ground for this appropriation (II) and finally determine if this tradition relies on a Christian imaginary (III).
Keywords: écologie, conservatisme, Nouvelle Droite, christianisme, décadence, ecology, conservatism, New Right, Christianism, decadence
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AbstractMilitary literature, popular literature, youth literature, literature proper, newspapers and magazines: this paper deals with memory in that 1870-1914 French literature which developed war as its central theme. To heal defeat's wound, France seems to give itself over to a new great narrative and its therapeutic principles: the gende narrative of history's foam. However something escaped the optimism of the great narrative: frequent representations of a ludicrous Army, perverted or revolting, sometimes defeated, often called back to the frailty of its individual soldier.