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ABSTRACTThis article discusses the Weberian theses on why capitalist forms emerged only in the West and not elsewhere. At first, Max Weber stressed the importance of the interrelation between religion and social stratification. But in addition to the Protestant ethic that gave its adherents a whole new perspective on both God and Life, Weber did put forward a few other elements that contributed to the formation of rational thinking and rational socio-economic behavior. Despite its great expansion in the classical period (7th-10th century), the Arab monetary economy began to crumble in the second half of the 10th century, thus preventing capitalism from taking roots in the Arab Mashreq. On his part, Weber tried to explain this phenomenon in accordance with his comparative work on major religions. But do Weber's theses on the growth capitalism adequately apply to the historical evolution of this region?