Documents found
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461.More information
Parents of childrens and adolescents with ASD face multiples challenges, including in their dyadic relationship. This qualitative analysis of 42 individual interviews conduct among parents of children and adolescents with autism highlight and explain four particulars challenges : iniquities among contributions of each parent to family life, differences between mother's and father's perceptions and reactions about autism, difficulties having time together as a couple, and emotional and psychological difficulties. The ecosystemic model allow a better understanding of these challenges and situate them in the familial and social context.
Keywords: couple, défis conjugaux, autisme, adolescent, parent, couple, dyadic challenges, autism, adolescent, parenting
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462.More information
This exploratory qualitative study analyzes the perception of immigrants regarding mental health care received in Montreal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with immigrants living in Montreal. The results show that participants denounce the long wait before accessing psychological services and disapprove of the medicalization of their difficulties. On the other hand, psychotherapy could contribute to achieving relief and reducing psychological suffering depending on the results. The conclusion of this study proposes to change mental health practices targeting immigrants.
Keywords: immigrants, psychologie interculturelle, obstacles aux soins, psychothérapie, perceptions, entretien semi-dirigé, méthode qualitative
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463.More information
The presence of externalizing behaviours in young children can be challenging for parents in several ways, including for preserving a good quality of affective support. Because externalizing behaviours are heterogeneous in their manifestations, their interference with the quality of maternal affective support in the learning context may vary. The predictive associations between the externalizing behaviours of opposition, physical aggression, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention in children at 42 months of age with the quality of maternal emotional support at 48 months of age were tested in 195 mother-child dyads. Children's externalizing behaviours were reported by the mothers, while the quality of affective support was observed during a cooperative literacy and numeracy task. Results show that only inattention uniquely and negatively predicted the quality of maternal affective support, controlling for child sex, family income, maternal education, maternal behaviour at 5 months, child prosocial behaviour at 42 months, and the other externalizing behaviours. These results suggest that during the preschool period, children's inattention behaviours represent a greater challenge compared to other externalizing behaviours for mothers' maintenance of affective support in the context of playful literacy and numeracy activities. Through a lower quality of maternal affective support in favourable situations for the practice of preschool competencies, children's attentional difficulties could therefore weaken certain spheres of their school readiness.
Keywords: soutien affectif maternel, comportements extériorisés, préparation scolaire, inattention, maternal affective support, externalized behaviours, school readiness, inattention
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465.More information
Although social participation is one of the objectives of educational services provided during schooling, few researches have been conducted on this issue, especially for adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This literature review focuses on the social participation of these adolescents and young adults (aged 14 to 21) from a perspective of resilience. This research aims to identify risk factors that may hinder their social participation and the protective factors that may favor it. To conduct this study, 31 scientific articles and one book chapter were identified. Our results demonstrate that adolescence, as a developmental period, represents a window of opportunity for the development of social participation, as adolescents and young adults frequent their peers daily in the school environment. As a teenager, the youngster distances himself from the family unit to build his own identity by establishing links with his peers. From this perspective, social skills are closely linked to social participation. Our results confirm the importance of social participation for youth with ASD, as well as the need to support their social participation through the learning of social skills and the multiplication of opportunities to put them into practice at school and in the community. Intervention strategies are proposed to increase the social participation of these young people.
Keywords: participation sociale, trouble du spectre de l'autisme, facteurs de risque et de protection, pratiques éducatives, résilience, social participation, autism spectrum disorder, risk and protective factors, educational practices, resilience
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466.More information
Young offenders are at risk for suicide (completed suicides and attempts). Risk factors, such as violence and family instability, are linked both to suicide and delinquency. Moreover, other factors, such as carrying of weapon and substance abuse, are associated to delinquent lifestyle and could therefore increase the risk of suicide behaviours. In addition to these factors, the consequences of delinquency (e.g.: court-ordered break ups with friends, uncertainties concerning legal problems, living in centres for young offenders) can contribute to heighten the risk of suicide. In this context, results from a study on suicidal risk in young offenders who are taken in charge by Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut universitaire (CJM-IU) are discussed in this paper. This quantitative study includes 49 young offenders under the Youth Criminal Justice Act. From this sample, 37.6% showed a suicidal risk. We then ran a cluster analysis to distinguish two groups of young offenders: the first group comprises 20 adolescents with multiple psychological difficulties (multi-risks), the second group consists of 28 youths who present less difficulties (low risk). These two groups of juvenile offenders are described by their associated characteristics, leading to a preliminary classification of young offenders who are more and less at risk for psychological difficulties, including suicide. Finally, we study the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with regards of the two groups created by the cluster analysis. Young offenders from the multi-risk group more frequently suffer from a PTSD than low risk youths, despite an equivalent prevalence of traumas. In conclusion, this study propose a description of young offenders the most at risk of suicide. From our results, we then propose recommendations for global interventions and treatment for young offenders, including psychological aspects and past experiences.
Keywords: comportements suicidaires, suicide, jeunes contrevenants, délinquance, suicidal behaviours, suicide, young offenders, delinquency
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467.More information
Violent behaviour in young people is one part of a number of maladaptive behaviours, usually originating from difficult family and social contexts. To understand the development of violent behaviour among youth, we must look at the big picture. This article reports the results of a qualitative study whose goal was to define the specificity of psychosocial profiles and the needs of students with serious behaviour problems, who also experienced physical, psychological or sexual abuse within their families. An exhaustive analysis was made of the clinical files of 12 boys and 11 girls who received youth protection services, ranging in age from 9 to 17 years old. The 23 files were studied in order to document the simultaneous evolution of behaviour problems, abusive parental practices, the family context, the school context and youth protection interventions (reporting cases, evaluations, measures taken, placements). The qualitative analysis, done respecting the chronology of the life path of each child, brought to light three type profiles of children who were both victims of abuse and had serious behaviour problems: The Undesirable, The Explosive and The Delinquent. Each of these types is described and put in perspective in relation to attachment theories, trauma and socialization, respectively, allowing the suggestion of differential intervention paths to the school milieu for these different types of students in difficulty.
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468.More information
The theme of training engineering is still relatively absent in Brazilian academic writing, appearing only in the early 2000s. In Brazil, research on “didactic engineering” is more frequent. In this article, we study the uses of the construct of didactic engineering in Brazilian scientific writing. This exploratory study is based on an analysis of theses and articles in Brazilian scientific journals. In Master's and doctoral programs, references to didactic engineering mask an uncritical and unoriginal appropriation of ideas most often imported from French didactics.
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469.More information
This article aims to examine the contemporary transformation of the individual, pushed to the limits of narcissism, in light of a theory of the crisis of the political subject affecting postmodern societies. Following a perspective supported by various authors, it seeks to shed light on the social changes that mark the emergence of a new type of subjectivity. The thesis can be summarized in this simple statement: we are transitioning from a modern society centered around the democratic ideal of the autonomous citizen to a post-political one, where individuals retreat into their narcissistic particularities, giving way to a predominantly capitalist regulation of the social sphere. The article is divided in three parts. The first part aims, with the assistance of psychoanalysis and Michel Freitag's sociology, to uncover the foundations of the social subject, providing an anthropology rooted in the recognition of the symbolic third party. The second part focuses on outlining a typology of the modern political subject. According to Durkheimian thought, the specificity of this subject lies in the citizen's connection to a democratic nation, in contrast to the abstract universalism that attempts to reduce political modernity. This particular interpretation of modern subjectivity, which could be described as “republican,” leads us to contrast it, in the final part, with the figure described by the psychoanalyst Jean-Pierre Lebrun as the “neo-subject.” This neo-subject is the narcissistic individual incapable of identifying as an actor in a political community, a product of the atomizing logic of technocapitalist postmodernity that undermines the institutional foundations of subjectification.
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470.More information
This pilot study focuses on the use of assistive technologies (AT) by elementary school students, educated in French, who were identified with reading and writing difficulties (AT group, n = 25). The aim of this study is to assess whether assistive technologies improved their reading comprehension, spelling errors, and academic self-concept. A comparison group of average achieving peers (n = 22) is included to examine whether the gap in scores of the two groups is reduced over time. The results show that between the two time periods, students in the AT group reduce their spelling errors, and after just five months using assistive technologies, they even got comparable performances to their normally achieving peers. In reading comprehension and academic self-concept, the interaction effects are not significant. The implications for academic success and future research are discussed.
Keywords: difficultés en lecture et en écriture, reading and writing difficulties, fonction d’aide technologique, assistive technology, concept de soi scolaire, academic self-concept