Documents found
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1332.
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1333.More information
Far from being the consequence of exceptional and unforeseeable circumstances, the European migration ‘ crisis’ was the result of a refusal to acknowledge contemporary realities and of a lack of solidarity between member States of the European Union. In the short term, courts are generally holding the line by protecting the rights of migrants. The European Court of Justice remains quite strong in its defence of migrants’ rights regarding their treatment inside the territory of the Union. However, it is mostly absent regarding their treatment outside the territory of the Union, even when such treatment is prompted by the external dimension of European migration policies. Over the long term, however, States will need to collectively acknowledge the permanence through time of migration phenomena and develop selection and integration policies accordingly. At multilateral level, the Global Compact on Migration could serve as a road map to develop diversified mechanisms for governing migration while respecting the human rights of migrants. This will necessitate that such soft law evolves towards recognising the international obligations of States towards migrants, that courts protect the rights of all in all circumstances and that migrants themselves be empowered to fight for their rights.
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1334.More information
By comparison with the Gregorian model, which sees the reform of the church being promoted by the papacy with the support of the monasteries, the Loire valley presents an original scenario in the eleventh century. For if the crisis of the church was real there, the first attempt at reform in both the temporal, liturgical, intellectual and monastic spheres was conducted under the tutelage of the prince and the bishop. It is, therefore, necessary to distinguish the ways in which Gregorian reformers interpreted the evils of their time from that which derived from the limitations and dysfunctions inherent in the post-Carolingian ecclesiastical system. Relying on the prestige of St Peter and responding to specific local appeals, the papacy was drawn into continuing with earlier princely initiatives, which in terms of reformation had often been too ad hoc in character. Proceeding pragmatically, it succeeded in tapping into the energies of regional milieux — the cathedrals in particular —, attracting the loyalty of the episcopate, and creating a certain immediacy in the bond with local churches. It did this while accepting the distinctions (spiritual, temporal, sacramental) neccessary for compromises with secular powers — and therefore for the triumph of reformist ideas during the 1100s.
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1337.More information
Grass'sche Mythologien : eine ewige und jetzige Erklârung der Geschichte Gunter Grass, einer der bedeutendsten deutschen Schriflsteller und Schôpfer der heutigen Zeit, eniselzt bei solcher dusterer Ideologie, der en verheerende Scháden er als Kind und als Heranwachsender erlitten hat, versucht durch die Gewall und die Intelligenz des Wortes, die Wunden aufzureissen an denen sein Land stirbl, weil es nicht gewagt hal, zu « wissen ». U m ein von unglaublich verdrangten Schuldgefuhlen gestôrtes kolleklives Unbewusste zu erreichen und zu pflegen, wendet sich Grass an den positiv gebliebenen Teil der Seele, der in den Mythologien aufbewahrt wird ; religiôser Glaube, Mârchen und Legenden locken seine Léser an und regen ihn an, als machligen Schôpfer wohl bewusst, dass eine junge und schreckliche Vergangenheit, voie immer, das Ende der Zivilisationen ankùndigl.
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1339.More information
Abstract" But Their Needs are so Few "The Inuit of Ungava Bay and Trade at Fort Chimo (1830-1843)Using archivai and published sources, this paper examines the advent and the development of trade between the Inuit of Ungava Bay and the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Chimo, from 1830 to 1843. It shows that a) the trade at Fort Chimo was an extension of former trading relationships with the Moravian stations of Labrador, which were carried on after 1830 ; b) it involved the participation of servants, homeguards and seasonal visitors (250 approxi-mately), who originated mainly from the West Coast of Ungava Bay ; c) it led to the irregular exchange of a limited variety and quantity of products, mainly through middlemen ; d) it had a séries of conséquences such as group and individual specialization in trade, partial modification of interethnic relationships, épidémies, starvation, population movements, etc. In this process, most Inuit kept their mode of production intact and remained independent of the Europeans.
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1340.