Résumés
Abstract
Eleven paleogeographic maps and a summary ice retreat map outline the history of advance, retreat, and readvances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet along with associated changes in proglacial drainage and relative sea level oscillations for Late Wisconsinan and Holocene times. The text outlines pertinent chronological control and discusses the paleoglaciology of the ice sheet, with attention to location and migration of ice divides, their attendant domes and saddles, and to ice streams, ice shelves, and mechanisms of déglaciation. At 18 ka the ice sheet consisted of 3 sectors with an interlocked system of ice divides joined at intersector saddles. A throughgoing superdivide is recognized and named the Trans Laurentide Ice Divide. The ice sheet retreated slowly from 18 to 13 ka, mainly along the west and south margins, but still held a near maximum configuration at 13 ka. A regional change in flow pattern over the Prairies just before 14 ka is thought to represent a large reduction in ice volume, but not in extent, and likely was triggered by a switch from nondeforming to deforming bed conditions. Retreat between 13 and 8 ka was vastly more rapid in the west than in the east, which resulted in eastward migration of the divide system of Keewatin Ice but relatively static divides of Labrador and Foxe Ice. By 10 ka the Trans Laurentide Ice Divide had been fragmented as Hudson Ice became increasingly autonomous. By 8 ka Hudson Ice had disappeared, little ice was left in Keewatin, but Foxe Ice still held its near maximum configuration and Labrador Ice was still larger than Foxe Ice. Repeated surging along aquatic margins and calving back of margins thinned by surging probably was the most important mechanism of deglaciation of Keewatin and Hudson Ice. The core of Foxe Ice disintegrated at 7 ka but retreat and readvance of Foxe Ice remnants continued throughout the Holocene.
Résumé
Onze cartes paléogéographiques et une carte sommaire du retrait glaciaire retracent l'évolution de la calotte glaciaire ainsi que les changements relatifs au drainage proglaciaire et aux fluctuations du niveau de la mer pendant le Wisconsinien supérieur et l'Holocène. Le texte fait ressortir les données chronologiques appropriés et étudie la paléoglaciologie de l'inlandsis, en mettant l'accent sur la localisation et le déplacement de la ligne de partage des glaces, des dômes et des cols satellites, ainsi que des langues glaciaires, des plates-formes de glace flottante et des mécanismes de la déglaciation. À 18 ka, l'inlandsis est composé de trois secteurs avec un système emboîté de lignes de partage des glaces. Une grande ligne de partage, « la ligne de partage des glaces translaurentidiennes », traverse le système. L'inlandsis se retire lentement de 18 à 13 ka, surtout le long les marges ouest et sud, mais à 13 ka sa configuration reste à peu près inchangée. On croit qu'une modification du régime de l'écoulement glaciaire survenue dans la Prairie un peu avant 14 ka est à l'origine d'une réduction sensible du volume de glace, mais pas de l'étendue. Entre 13 et 8 ka, le retrait glaciaire, beaucoup plus rapide à l'ouest qu'à l'est, se manifeste par le déplacement vers l'est du système de partage des glaces au Keewatin et par la relative stabilité de la ligne de partage entre les glaciers du Labrador et de Foxe. À 10 ka, la ligne de partage translaurentidienne est morcelée et le glacier d'Hudson gagne son autonomie. Vers 8 ka, le glacier d'Hudson est disparu, il ne reste à peu près plus de glace au Keewatin, mais le glacier de Foxe conserve sa configuration et le glacier du Labrador est encore plus étendu que le glacier de Foxe. Les crues glaciaires répétées le long des marges marines et le vêlage des marges ont probablement constitué les processus de déglaciation les plus importants au Keewatin et en Hudsonie. Le coeur du glacier de Foxe est dissous à 7 ka, mais retraits et récurrences des vestiges du glacier de Foxe se poursuivent tout au long de l'Holocène.
Zusammenfassung
EIf paleogeographische Karten und eine zusammenfassende Karte des Eisrückzugs skizzieren die Geschichte des Vorsto00DFes, Rückzugs und Rückvorsto00DFes der laurentischen Eisdecke zusammen mit den damit verbundenen Veränderungen in der proglazialen Entwässerung und den Schwankungen des relativen Meeresspiegels für die Zeit des späteren glazialen Wisconsin und des Holozän. Der Text gibt einen Überblick über einschlägige chronologische Kontrolle und behandelt die paleoglaziale Geschichte der Eisdecke, insbesondere in Bezug auf Vorkommen und Verschiebung der Eistrennlinien, der sie begleitenden Dome und Sättel und der Eisströme, Eisbänke und der Enteisungs-Mechanismen. Um 18 ka bestand die Eisdecke aus drei Sektoren mit einem ineinandergreifenden System von Eistrennlinien, die an den Kreuzungssätteln verbunden sind. Eine durchgehende gro00DFe Trennlinie ist deutlich sichtbar und wird die translaurentische Eistrennlinie genannt. Die Eisdecke zog sich zwischen 18 und 13 ka langsam zurück, vorwiegend entlang der West- und Südränder, hatte aber immer noch die fast maximale Ausdehnung um 13 ka. Zwischen 13 und 8 ka war der Rückzug im Westen deutlich schneller als im Osten, was zu einer Ostwärts-Bewegung der Trennlinien des Keewatin-Eises führte, jedoch zu reltiv statischen Trennlinien des Labrador- und Fox-Eises. Um 10 ka hatte sich die translaurentische Eistrennlinie zerstückelt während das Hudson-Eis zunehmend selbständig wurde. Um 8 ka war das Hudson-Eis verschwunden, nur wenig Eis war im Keewatin übriggeblieben während das Fox-Eis immer noch seine fast maximale Ausdehnung hatte und das Labrador-Eis immer noch ausgedehnter war als das Fox-Eis. Wiederholtes Anschwellen entlang der Küsten und Rück-kalben der ausgedünnten Eisränder war wohl der wichtigste Enteisungsvorgang des Keewatin- und Hudson-Eises. Der Kern des Fox-Eises zersetzte sich um 7 ka, aber Rückzug und Vorsto00DF der Fox-Eisreste setzte sich durch das Holozän fort.
Parties annexes
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