Résumés
Abstract
Following Dollerup’s (2000) classification of indirect and relay translation (here “T2”), this study locates both practices as translation taboos disparaged or tolerated depending upon cultural variables, shows its codification in translation organizations, and traces part of its aura of substandard practice to the doctrine of untranslatability; compiles the main reasons the phenomena have occurred, including extralinguistic factors; outlines some subclasses in a typology of ‘second-hand’ or intermediate translations (factoring in abridgements, adaptations, modernizations, lost originals, pseudotranslations, self-translations, triangulations, and transcreations); proposes ‘translative’ and ‘terminal’ relay, and overt and covert possibilities within retranslation, interlinear translation, plagiarism by translation, and support translation; considers the special case of sacred texts; and weighs new and future directions for study. The key factors of oral intermediation (the role of informants and collaborative translation) and the ‘intuiting’ of source languages without a working knowledge of them are brought into the equation. The work attempts to contribute a descriptive study to an area of research that has attracted visceral rejections of anything but source-to-target direct translation without such studies making allowances for the socio-historical conditions of production surrounding intermediary translation.
Keywords:
- indirect translation,
- relay translation,
- intermediate translation,
- support translation,
- overt translation,
- covert translation
Résumé
Suivant la classification de Dollerup (2000) de la traduction relais et de la traduction indirecte (« T2 »), la présente étude situe ces deux pratiques comme des tabous de traduction dépréciés ou tolérés selon des variables culturelles diverses, expose leur codification au sein d’organismes de traduction, et lie en partie le fait qu’elles soient considérées comme de mauvaises pratiques à la doctrine de l’intraduisibilité. L’étude établit les causes principales de ces phénomènes, y compris des éléments extralinguistiques. Elle définit certaines sous-catégories d’une typologie des traductions dites « de seconde main » ou intermédiaires (par exemple, abrégements, adaptations, modernisations, traductions dont les originaux sont perdus, pseudo-traductions, auto-traductions, triangulations et transcréations). Elle envisage un relais « traductif » et « terminal » et des possibilités de retraduction directe et indirecte, la traduction interlinéaire, le plagiat par traduction et la traduction par assistance. Elle se penche sur le cas particulier des textes sacrés. Enfin, elle évalue de nouvelles orientations et des voies futures pour la recherche. Les éléments essentiels de l’intermédiation orale (le rôle des informateurs et de la traduction collaborative) et l’« intuition » des langues sources en dehors d’une connaissance fonctionnelle sont également pris en considération. L’article se veut une étude descriptive dans un domaine de recherche qui a entretenu un rejet viscéral de tout ce qui n’est pas traduction directe du texte source au texte cible sans que de telles études puissent faire la lumière sur les conditions socio-historiques de la production entourant la traduction intermédiaire.
Mots-clés :
- traduction indirecte,
- traduction relais,
- traduction intermédiaire,
- traduction assistée,
- traduction directe,
- traduction indirecte
Parties annexes
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