Résumés
Résumé
La transmission mère-enfant est la première cause d’infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) chez l’enfant. Le mécanisme de cette transmission, plus particulièrement au cours de la grossesse, est à ce jour encore mal défini. Les cellules trophoblastiques du placenta sont considérées comme une cible potentielle du rétrovirus ou serviraient éventuellement au passage du VIH vers le foetus (transcytose). Le processus de transmission du VIH (par infection ou transcytose) serait favorisé, ou encore inhibé, par des facteurs liés à la fois au phénotype viral et à l’environnement cellulaire.
Summary
Maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) is the primary cause of this retrovirus infection in neonates. The mechanisms of vertical transmission of HIV, in particular in utero transmission, remain poorly defined. Trophoblastic cells from the placenta are thought to be a target of HIV infection and/or may be utilized by the virus to be transported across the placental barrier by a process known as transcytosis. The vertical transmission of HIV (via infection or transcytosis) may be either favoured or inhibited by factors related to both the viral phenotype and the cellular environment.
Parties annexes
Références
- 1. Onu-sida. Paediatric HIV infection and Aids. Unaids best practice collection. Genève : ONU-SIDA, 2002.
- 2. Kriebs JM. The global reach of HIV: Preventing mother-to-child transmission. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2002 ; 16 : 1-10.
- 3. MacDonald K, Embree J, Njenga S, et al. Mother-child class I HLA concordance increases perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. J Infect Dis 1998 ; 177 : 551-6.
- 4. Patterson BK, Behbahani H, Kabat WJ, et al. Leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits HIV-1 replication and is upregulated in placentae from nontransmitting women. J Clin Invest 2001 ; 107 : 287-94.
- 5. Wolinsky SM, Wike CM, Korber BT, et al. Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants. Science 1992 ; 255 : 1134-37.
- 6. Cooper ER, Charurat M, Mofenson L, et al. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1-infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Def Syndr 2002 ; 29 : 484-94.
- 7. Mandelbrot L, Landreau-Mascaro A, Rekacewicz C, et al. Lamivudine-zidovudine combination for prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1. JAMA 2001 ; 285 : 2083-93.
- 8. Lewis SH, Reynolds-Kohler C, Fox HE, et al. HIV-1 in trophoblastic and villous Hofbauer cells, and haematological precursors in eight-week fetuses. Lancet 1990 ; 335 : 565-8.
- 9. Goedert JJ, Duliege AM, Amos CI, et al. High risk of HIV-1 infection for first-born twins. The international registry of HIV-exposed twins. Lancet 1991 ; 338 : 1471-5.
- 10. Nduati R, John G, Mbori-Ngacha D, et al. Effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on transmission of HIV-1: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2000 ; 283 : 1167-74.
- 11. Rouzioux C, Costagliola D, Burgard M, et al. Estimated timing of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission by use of a Markov model. The HIV infection in newborns french collaborative study group. Am J Epidemiol 1995 ; 142 : 1330-7.
- 12. Landesman SH, Kalish LA, Burns DN, et al. Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child. The women and infants transmission study. N Engl J Med 1996 ; 334 : 1617-23.
- 13. Chuachoowong R, Shaffer N, Siriwasin W, et al. Short-course antenatal zidovudine reduces both cervicovaginal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels and risk of perinatal transmission. Bangkok collaborative perinatal HIV transmission study group. J Infect Dis 2000 ; 181 : 99-106.
- 14. Laure F, Courgnaud V, Rouzioux C, et al. Detection of HIV1 DNA in infants and children by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Lancet 1988 ; 2 : 538-41.
- 15. Morrish DW, Dakour J, Li H. Functional regulation of human trophoblast differentiation. J Reprod Immunol 1998 ; 39 : 179-95.
- 16. Burton GJ, O’Shea S, Rostron T, et al. Significance of placental damage in vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. J Med Virol 1996 ; 50 : 237-43.
- 17. Mwanyumba F, Gaillard P, Inion I, et al. Placental inflammation and perinatal transmission of HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Def Syndr 2002 ; 29 : 262-9.
- 18. Chandwani S, Greco MA, Mittal K, et al. Pathology and human immunodeficiency virus expression in placentas of seropositive women. J Infect Dis 1991 ; 163 : 1134-8.
- 19. Mognetti B, Moussa M, Croitoru J, et al. HIV-1 co-receptor expression on trophoblastic cells from early placentas and permissivity to infection by several HIV-1 primary isolates. Clin Exp Immunol 2000 ; 119 : 486-92.
- 20. Zachar V, Zacharova,V, Fink T, et al. Genetic analysis reveals ongoing HIV type 1 evolution in infected human placental trophoblast. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 1999 ; 15 : 1673-83.
- 21. Frankel AD, Young JA. HIV-1 : fifteen proteins and an RNA. Annu Rev Biochem 1998 ; 67 : 1-25.
- 22. David FJ, Tran HC, Serpente N, et al. HIV infection of choriocarcinoma cell lines derived from human placenta : the role of membrane CD4 and Fc-Rs into HIV entry. Virology 1995 ; 208 : 784-8.
- 23. Mano H, Chermann JC. Fetal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of different organs in the second trimester. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 1991 ; 7 : 83-8.
- 24. Vidricaire G, Tardif MR, Tremblay MJ. The low viral production in trophoblastic cells is due to a high endocytic internalization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and can be overcome by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1. J Biol Chem 2003 ; 278 : 15832-41.
- 25. Al-Harthi L, Guilbert LJ, Hoxie JA, et al. Trophoblasts are productively infected by CD4-independent isolate of HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 2002 ; 18 : 13-7.
- 26. Arias RA, Munoz LD, Munoz-Fernandez MA. Transmission of HIV-1 infection between trophoblast placental cells and T-cells take place via an LFA-1-mediated cell-to-cell contact. Virology 2003 ; 307 : 266-77.
- 27. Lagaye S, Derrien M, Menu E, et al. Cell-to-cell contact results in a selective translocation of maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies across a trophoblastic barrier by both transcytosis and infection. J Virol 2001 ; 75 : 4780-91.
- 28. Moussa M, Roques P, Fievet N, et al. Placental cytokine and chemokine production in HIV-1-infected women: Trophoblast cells show a different pattern compared to cells from HIV-negative women. Clin Exp Immunol 2001 ; 125 : 455-64.
- 29. Tortora GJ. Development during pregnancy. In : Principles of human anatomy, 9th ed. New York : John Wiley, 1999.