Résumés
Résumé
Cet article porte sur les résultats de recherches traitant de l’hypothèse de la variabilité de la pratique physique. De plus, il décrit les principaux facteurs pouvant influencer l’apprentissage moteur et la performance motrice. Finalement, des stratégies d’organisation de la pratique physique sont proposées pour les enseignants d’éducation physique ainsi que pour les entraîneurs sportifs. Plus particulièrement, la pratique physique spécifique est suggérée quand il s’agit d’adultes, de garçons, d’experts, ainsi que de tâches simples et lentes de positionnement linéaire. En revanche, la pratique physique variable est recommandée quand il s’agit d’enfants, de novices, de filles, ainsi que de tâches balistiques rapides et complexes faisant appel à un processus de formation de schéma moteur.
Mots clés:
- pratique physique variable,
- pratique physique spécifique,
- apprentissage moteur,
- performance motrice,
- transfert
Summary
This article aims to discuss the results of research dealing with the variability of physical practice hypothesis. Moreover, this article examines the key factors that can affect motor learning and performance. Finally, proposals for pedagogical intervention are provided for physical education teachers as well as coaches in terms of organizational strategies for physical practice. Particularly, specific physical practice is suggested when dealing with adults, boys, experts, and with simple and slow linear positioning tasks. In contrast, variable physical practice is recommended when dealing with children, novices, girls, as well as rapid and complex ballistic tasks involving a process for motor schema formation.
Key words:
- variable physical practice,
- specific physical practice,
- motor learning,
- motor performance,
- transfer
Resumen
Este artículo trata de los resultados de investigación acerca de la hipótesis de la variabilidad de la práctica física. Además, describe los principales factores que pueden influir sobre el aprendizaje motor y la competencia motriz. En fin, se proponen algunas estrategias de organización de la práctica física para los docentes en educación física y para los entrenadores de deportes. En particular, se recomienda la práctica física específica cuando se trata de adultos, de muchachos, de expertos, así como de tareas simples y lentas de posicionamiento linear. En cambio, la práctica física variable se recomienda cuando se trata de niños, de principiantes, de muchachas y de tareas balísticas rápidas y complejas que requieren de un proceso de formación de esquema motor.
Palabras claves:
- práctica física,
- variable,
- práctica física específica,
- aprendizaje motor,
- competencia motriz,
- transferencia
Parties annexes
Références
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