Morphology and Composition of Two Late Wisconsinan Soils Forming in Till and Lacustrine Deposits, Scarborough Bluffs Area, South-Central Ontario
William C. Mahaney
ABSTRACT
Halton Till and Glacial Lake Iroquois lacustrine sand and gravel deposits are the major surficial materials exposed at the surface of Scarborough Bluffs in South-Central Ontario. Luvisols formed in these deposits have different morphologies, including depth of weathering, complexity of horizonation, and strength of structural grades which result from parent material differences and pedogenesis. Particle size variations between the two paleosols result, in part, from different modes of deposition, and show that variable amounts of clay were produced pedogenically in the two systems. Clay mineral genesis, involving the transformation of illite and illitesmectite to vermiculite, appears to be restricted to the Iroquois sand paleosol, while some chloritization of illite occurs in both profiles. Changes in the primary mineral contents in the two paleosols suggest a similar magnitude of weathering in both systems. Distributions of vermiculite and dithionite-extractable Fe suggest some preweathering effects in the Halton Till paleosol. Morphological, mineralogical and some soil chemical properties are closely related to the physical attributes of the two different parent materials (till vs lacustrine sand and gravel).
RÉSUMÉ
Morphologie et composition de deux sols du Wisconsinien supérieur formés dans le till et des dépôts lacustres, régions des falaises de Scarborough, centre-sud de l’Ontario
Le Till de Halton et le sable lacustre et les dépôts graveleux du lac glaciaire Iroquois sont les principaux matériaux qui apparaissent à la surface des falaises de Scarborough. Les luvisols, qui se sont formés dans ces dépôts, présentent diverses morphologies, dont la profondeur de l'altération. Ia complexité des horizons et le degré d'agrégation du sol, qui dépendent de la nature du matériau d'origine et de la pédogenèse. Les différences de grosseur des particules entre les deux paléosols sont en partie le résultat des modes de dépôt et démontrent que des quantités variables d'argile ont été produites pédogénétiquement dans les deux cas. La genèse de l'argile minérale, qui implique la transformation de Milite et de l'illitesmectite en vermiculite, ne touche que le paleosol de sable du lac Iroquois, mais la chroliritisation de l'ïllite apparaît dans les deux profils. La modification du contenu minéral primaire dans les deux paléosols démontre que le degré d'altération est à peu près le même. La répartition de la vermiculite et de la dithéonite-Fe extractible suppose que des effets de pré-altération se sont manifestés dans le paléosol du Till de Halton. Les propriétés morphologiques et minéralogiques et certaines propriétés chimiques des sols sont étroitement liées aux caractéristiques physiques de deux matériaux d'origine (till, dans un cas, sable lacustre et gravier, dans l'autre.)
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Morphologie und Komposition zweier Böden aus dem späten Wisconsin in Grundmoräne und Seeablagerungen im Gebiet der Steilküsten von Scarborough, südliches Zentrum von Ontario
Das Till von Halton und Seesand- und Kiesablagerungen aus dem Iroquois Eiszeit-See sind die hauptsâchlichen Materialien, die an der Oberflâche der Steilkusten von Scarborough im sùdlichen Zentrum von Ontario sichtbar sind. Die Luvisols, die sich in diesen Ablagerungen gebildet haben, haben unterschiedliche Morphologien, wie die Tiefe der Verwitterung, die Komplexitât der Horizonte und die Stârke der Bodenanhàufung, welche von den Unterschieden zwischen verwandtem Material und der Pedogenese abhângig sind. Die Unterschiede in der GrôBe der Partikel zwischen den beiden Palâobôden resultieren zum Teil aus unterschiedlichen Ablagerungsarten und zeigen, daB unterschiedliche Mengen von Ton in den zwei Systemen pedogenetisch produziert wurden. Die Genèse des Minerlal-Tons einschlieBlich der Verwandlung von lllit und lllit-Smektit zu Vermikulit scheint sich auf den Iroquois Sand-Palâoboden zu beschrànken, wàhrend in beiden Profilen eine Chloratisierung des lllits vorkommt. Verànderungen in den primâren Minerai-Inhalten in den beiden Palâobôden legen eine àhnliche Bedeutung der Verwitterung in beiden Systemen nahe. Die Verteilung von Vermikulit und des herauslôsbaren Dithionit-Fe lassen einige Verwitterungseffekte im Palâobôden des Halton-Till vermuten. Mor-phologische, mineralogische und einige chemische Boden-Eigenschaften werden mit den physikalischen Eigenschaften der zwei verschiedenen verwandten Materialien eng in Verbindung gebracht (Till versus See-Sand und Kies).
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| Autor : | William C. Mahaney |
|---|---|
| Título : | Morphology and Composition of Two Late Wisconsinan Soils Forming in Till and Lacustrine Deposits, Scarborough Bluffs Area, South-Central Ontario |
| Revista : | Géographie physique et Quaternaire, Volumen 39, número 3, 1985, p. 307-314 |
| URI : | http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032611ar |
| DOI : | 10.7202/032611ar |
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