Progrès scientifiques et nouvelles armes biologiques

Debord T, Binder P, Salomon J, Roué R. Les armes biologiques. Med Mal Si Infect1997 ; 27 : 548-51.

Williams P, Wallace D. La guerre bactériologique. Le secret des expérimentations japonaises, Paris : Albin Michel, 1990.

Christopher G, Cieslak T, Pavlin JA, Eitzen M. Biological warfare : a historical perspective. JAMA 1997 ; 278 : 412-7. 4. Wachtel C. Armes biologiques : le problème russe. La Recherche 1998 ; 310 : 37-41

Alibek K, Handelman S. Biohazard. New York : Random House, 1999.

Miller J, Engelberg S, Broad W. Germs, biological weapons and America’s secret war. New York : Simon and Schuster, 2001.

Jackson RJ, Ramsay AJ, Christensen CD, et al. Expression of mouse interleukin-4 by a recombinant ectromelia virus suppresses cytolytic lymphocyte responses and overcomes genetic resistance to mousepox. J Virol 2001 ; 75 : 1205-10.

Finkel E. Australia. Engineered mouse virus spurs bioweapon fears. Science 2001 ; 291 : 585.

Mullbacher A, Lobigs M. Creation of killer poxvirus could have been predicted. J Virol 2001 ; 75 : 8353-5.

Kobinger GP, Weiner DJ, Yu QC, Wilson JM. Filovirus-pseudotyped lentiviral vector can efficiently and stably transduce airway epithelia in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2001 ; 19 : 225-30.

Cello J, Paul AV, Wimmer E. Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA : generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template. Science 2002 ; 297 : 1016-8.

Smith HO, Hutchison CA, Pfannkoch C, Venter JC. Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly : phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003 ; 100 : 15440-5.

Berche P. The threat of smallpox and bioterrorism. Trends Microbiol 2001 ; 9 : 15-8.

Massung RF, Liu L, Qi J, Knight JC, et al. Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975. Virology 1994 ; 201 : 215-40.

Massung RF, Esposito JJ, Liu L, et al. Potential virulence determinants in terminal regions of variola smallpox virus genome. Nature 1993 ; 366 : 748-51.

Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Lourens RM, et al. Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes. Nature 2005 ; 437 : 889-93.

Ghedin E, Sengamalay NA, Shumway M, et al. Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution. Nature 2005 ; 437 : 1162-6.

Pennisi E. Molecular biology. Venter cooks up a synthetic genome in record time. Science 2003 ; 302 : 1307.

Stemmer WP. DNA shuffling by random fragmentation and reassembly : in vitro recombination for molecular evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 ; 91 : 10747-51.

Stemmer WP. Rapid evolution of a protein in vitro by DNA shuffling. Nature 1994 ; 370 : 324-5.

Stemmer WP, Crameri A, Ha KD, et al. Single-step assembly of a gene and entire plasmid from large numbers of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Gene 1995 ; 164 : 49-53.

Soong NW, Nomura L, Pekrun K, et al. Molecular breeding of viruses. Nat Genet 2000 ; 25 : 436-9.

Pekrun K, Shibata R, Igarashi T, et al. Evolution of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variant with enhanced replication in pig-tailed macaque cells by DNA shuffling. J Virol 2002 ; 76 : 2924-35.

Powell SK, Kaloss MA, Pinkstaff A, et al. Breeding of retroviruses by DNA shuffling for improved stability and processing yields. Nat Biotechnol 2000 ; 18 : 1279-82.

Matzke M, Matzke AJM, Kooter JM. RNA : guiding gene silencing. Science 2001 ; 293 : 1080-3.

Heller T, Saito S, Auerbach J, et al. An in vitro model of hepatitis C production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 ; 102 : 2579-83.

Van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med 2004 ; 10 : 368-73.

Enserink M. Infectious diseases. One year after outbreak, SARS virus yields some secrets. Science 2004 ; 304 : 1097.

McCarthy M. Anthrax attack in the USA. Lancet Infect Dis 2001 ; 1 : 288-9.

Dougall AL, Hayward MC, Baum A. Media exposure to bioterrorism : stress and the anthrax attacks. Psychiatry 2005 ; 68 : 28-42.