Romanticism on the Net
Issue's Table of Contents

Bugajski, Ken A. "Joanna Baillie: An Annotated Bibliography." Romanticism On the Net 12 (November 1998) [Date of access] <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/bwpbaillie.html>

Copyright İ Michael Eberle-Sinatra 1998-2002 - All rights reserved - ISSN 1467-1255

Joanna Baillie: An Annotated Bibliography

Ken A. Bugajski

Notes on Methodology and Terminology

Although I endeavored to view as many of the sources as possible, limits of time and resources prevented me from examining each source listed here, especially those from the nineteenth century. I have placed an asterisk (*) before any source which I have not seen. In regard to reviews of Baillie's plays, I include references gathered from other resources (such as Carhart's biography and A. S. Ward's Bibliography of Literature Reviews in British Periodicals) and list them as reviews based on their date of publication and their proximity to the publication date for one of Baillie's works. In other words, reviews marked with an asterisk have the potential not to be a review of the work under which the review is listed, though this likelihood is small.
     Baillie scholars may note that several references listed in the appendix of Margaret Carhart's biography are not included in this bibliography. In some cases, Carhart's citations appear, to the best of my knowledge, to be inaccurate; in others, Carhart notes a publication containing only a passing reference to Baillie. As these sources provide little critical evaluation of Baillie, I have omitted them from my bibliography.
     Throughout this bibliography, I define works as "contemporary" if they were published during Baillie's lifetime, while "modern" sources are those published after Baillie's death in 1851. Abbreviations used in this bibliography include:

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this project: Harrison T. Meserole for his annotations for the secondary criticism in German; Jeffrey N. Cox and Marjean Purinton for their help in an earlier phase of this project; Catherine Burroughs, Michael Gamer, Michael Eberle-Sinatra, Janice Patten, Julie Aipperspach, and Tricia J. V. Bugajski for reading and commenting on an early draft of the secondary criticism section; Judith Slagle for her willingness to share her research on Baillie's letters; James L. Harner for his always good advice and citation format expertise; and Tom Crochunis for his perpetual council throughout this project.
     All bibliographers know that no bibliography is entirely finished. If you know of additions or corrections, please send them to me at kab0094@acs.tamu.edu or Dept. of English, Mail Stop 4227, Texas A&M University, 77843-4227.

Outline

I. Primary Works

A. Contemporary Editions

1. Dramatic Works

a. Multi-Play Volumes
b. Plays Published Individually

2. Non-Dramatic Works
3. Collected Works
4. Works in Anthologies or Collections

a. Complete Works
b. Selected Poems and Excerpts

5. Edited Works
6. Adaptations and Translations
7. Miscellaneous

B. Modern Editions

1. Dramatic Works

a. Individual Volumes
b. Complete Dramas in Anthologies

2. Non-Dramatic Works

a. Individual Volumes
b. Selected Poems and Dramatic Excerpts

3. Letters

a. Letters Written by Baillie
b. Letters Written to Baillie

C. Manuscripts

1. Published Works
2. Unpublished Works
3. Letters (major collections)

II. Secondary Works

A. Biography

1. Nineteenth-Century
2. Twentieth-Century
3. Biographical Dictionaries

B. Critical Interpretations

C. Dissertations

D. Electronic Resources

 

Part I, Section A1—

Primary Works/Contemporary Editions/Dramatic Works

Multi-Play Volumes

*Dramas. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1836.

Contains Romiero, The Alienated Manor, Henriquez, The Martyr (Vol. 1), The Separation, The Stripling, The Phantom, Enthusiasm (Vol. 2), Witchcraft, The Homicide, The Bride, and The Match (Vol. 3).

Reviews:

Performance Reviews:

*Miscellaneous Plays. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1804.

*—-. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1805.

Includes the plays Rayner, The Country Inn, and Constantine Paleologus, or The Last of the Caesars.

Reviews:

*Plays. New York: Longworth, 1810.

Contains The Beacon, The Family Legend, and The Siege.

*A Series of Plays: In Which it is Attempted to Delineate the Stronger Passions of the Mind— Each Passion Being the Subject of a Tragedy and a Comedy. 3 vols. London: Cadell and Davies (vols. 1 and 2); Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown (vol. 3), 1798-1812.

*—-. New ed. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821.

*A Series of Plays: In Which it is Attempted to Delineate the Stronger Passions of the Mind— Each Passion Being the Subject of a Tragedy and a Comedy. Volume 1. London: Cadell and Davies, 1798.

*—-. 2nd ed. London: Cadell and Davies, 1799.

*—-. 3rd ed. London: Cadell and Davies, 1800.

*—-. 4th ed. London: Cadell and Davies, 1802.

*—-. 5th ed. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1806.

Contains the Introductory Discourse, Count Basil, The Tryal, and De Monfort.

Reviews:

Performance Reviews:

*A Series of Plays: In Which it is Attempted to Delineate the Stronger Passions of the Mind— Each Passion Being the Subject of a Tragedy and a Comedy. Volume 2. London: Cadell and Davies, 1802.

*—-. 2nd ed. London: Cadell and Davies, 1802.

*—-. 3rd ed. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1806.

Includes The Election, Ethwald (parts one and two), and The Second Marriage.

Reviews:

*A Series of Plays: In Which it is Attempted to Delineate the Stronger Passions of the Mind— Each Passion Being the Subject of a Tragedy and a Comedy. Volume 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1812.

Contains Orra, The Dream, The Siege, and The Beacon.

Reviews:

Plays Published Individually

*Basil: A Tragedy. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea, 1811.

*The Beacon: A Serious Musical Drama, in Two Acts. New York: Longworth, 1812.

*—-. London: Strahan and Preston, 1815.

*The Bride: a Drama in Three Acts. London: Colburn, 1828.

*—-. Philadelphia: Neal, 1828.

*—-. Philadelphia: Diggens, 1828.

*De Monfort: A Tragedy in Five Acts. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1807.

*—-. New York: Longworth, 1809.

*The Dream: A Tragedy in Prose, in Three Acts. New York: Longworth, 1812.

*The Election: A Comedy in Five Acts. Philadelphia: Carey, 1811.

*The Family Legend: A Tragedy. Edinburgh: John Ballantyne; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1810.

*—-. New York: Longworth, 1810.

—-. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Ballantyne, 1810.

Performance Reviews:

*The Martyr: A Drama, in Three Acts. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1826.

Reviews:

(back)

Part I, Section A2—Primary Works/Contemporary Editions/Non-Dramatic Works

*Ahalya Baee: A Poem. London: [Printed for private circulation by] Spottiswoode and Shaw, 1849.

*"The Bonny Boat." Cole's Selection of Scottish Melodies 2. Baltimore: Cole, 1800.

*—-. Hartford: Kappel, n.d. [1830-39].

*"Epilogue to the Theatrical Representation at Strawberry-Hill." 1800.

An epilogue for Mary Berry's Fashionable Friends, published as a broadside. Reprinted in The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Joanna Baillie: Complete in One Volume, listed in Primary/Contemporary/Collected, below.

*Fugitive Verses. London: Moxon, 1840.

*—-. New ed. London: Moxon, 1842

*—-. London: Moxon: 1864.

Reviews:

*Metrical Legends of Exalted Characters. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821.

*—-. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821.

Reviews:

"Epistles to the Literati, No. 9." Fraser's Magazine 14 (1836): 748-49.

Responds to the Quarterly Review's appraisal of her Dramas, specifically the character of Romiero. Argues that Romiero possesses dignity and nobility, and compares her hero to Othello.

*Poems: Wherein It Is Attempted to Describe Certain Views of Nature and of Rustic Manners; And Also, To Point Out, In Some Instances, the Different Influence Which the Same Circumstances Produce on Different Characters. London: Johnson, 1790.

While this volume is listed in the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature and mentioned in several works, including Carhart's biography, as the first edition of Fugitive Verses, Roger Lonsdale has correctly identified this title as Baillie's first published volume.

*A View of the General Tenour of the New Testament Regarding the Nature and Dignity of Jesus Christ: Including a Collection of the Various Passages in the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, and the Epistles which Relate to that Subject. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1831.

*A View of the General Tenour of the New Testament Regarding the Nature and Dignity of Jesus Christ: Including a Collection of the Various Passages in the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, and the Epistles which Relate to that Subject. To Which Are Now Added a Correspondence with the Late Bishop of Salisbury, Together with Remarks on the Pre-Existence of Christ, and on Toleration and Fanaticism. 2nd ed. London: Taylor, 1838.

(back)

Part I, Section A3—Primary Works/Contemporary Editions/Collected Works

*The Complete Poetical Works. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea, 1832.

The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Joanna Baillie: Complete in One Volume. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1851.

*—-. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1853.

Reviews:

(back)

Part I, Section A4—

Primary Works/Contemporary Editions/Works in Anthologies or Collections

Complete Works

*Baillie, Joanna. Basil: A Tragedy in Five Acts. Philadelphia: Palmer, 1823.

Published with Thomas Otway's The Orphan, or, The Unhappy Marriage.

*—-. The Beacon. London: Longman, n.d.

Published with Robert Jephson's The Count of Narbonne, Robert Francis Jameson's The Students of Salamanca, and David Garrick's The Country Girl.

*—-. The Beacon. Select Plays. 2 vols. New York: Longworth, 1813.

Published with The Bankrupt, The Liar, and The Orators by Samuel Foote and The Peasant Boy by W. Dimond.

—-. De Monfort: A Tragedy in Five Acts. The British Theatre, or, A Collection of Plays. Vol. 24. Ed. Elizabeth Inchbald. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1808.

*—-. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1816.

Published with The Road to Ruin and The Deserted Daughter by Thomas Holcroft, The Stranger by Benjamin Thompson, and Point of Honour by Charles Kemble. For Inchbald's introduction, see Secondary/Critical, below.

*Baillie, Joanna, and Joseph Gostick. Fugitive Verses, With The Spirit of German Poetry: A Series of Translations from the German Poets. London: Smith, 1845.

Selected Poems and Excerpts

Note: For this section, I have listed the poems as they appear in each volume, including variations in titles and of spelling. However, in cases where the collection titled one of Baillie's lyrics as "Song," I have instead given the first line.

Baillie, Joanna, ed. A Collection of Poems, Chiefly Manuscript, and from Living Authors. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1823.

For annotation, see Primary/Contemporary/Edited Works, below.

Bethune, George W., ed. The British Female Poets: With Biographical and Critical Notices. New York: Hurst, 1848. Essay Index Reprint Series. Freeport: Books for Libraries, 1972. 159-80.

Prints brief excerpts from Ethwald, Rayner, Orra, The Beacon, The Separation and "The Kitten." Also includes "The Travellers by Night," "Reveille," "The Chough and the Crow" [from Orra], "Bridal Song," " Serenade," "Hymn of the Martyr," "Wished-for gales the light vane veering," "Where distant billows meet the sky," and "The gliding fish that takes his play."

Chambers, Robert, ed. Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, Critical and Biographical, of British Authors, from the Earliest to Present Times. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Chambers, 1844. 451-43, 511-14.

Includes "The Kitten," "Address to Miss Agnes Baillie on Her Birthday," and scenes from De Monfort, Orra, and Ethwald.

Hall, S. C., ed. The Book of Gems. 3 vols. London: Bohn, 1849. 3:268-73.

Prints Baillie's "To a Child," "The Kitten," and "O welcome bat and owlet gray."

*Inglis, Robert. Gleanings from the English Poets, Chaucer to Tennyson. Edinburgh and London: Gall and Terrace, 1881.

Prints Baillie's "Picture of Country Life." (Information on this volume obtained from http://humanitas.ucsb.edu/depts/english/research/grad/anthologies/Gleanings.html .)

*Thomson, George. The Select Melodies of Scotland, Interspersed with Those of Ireland and Wales. London: Preston; Edinburgh: Thomson, 1822.

For annotation, see Primary/Contemporary/Adaptations, below.

Rowton, Frederic. The Female Poets of Great Britain. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans; Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1849. 287-306.

Reprints "To a Child," "A Mother to Her Waking Infant," "What voice is this, thou evening gale," "The Grave of Columbus," and scenes from De Monfort and Henriquez. For Rowton's critical assessment, see Secondary/Critical, below.

*Scott, Walter. English Minstrelsy. Being a selection of fugitive poetry from the best English authors; with some original pieces hitherto unpublished. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Ballantyne, 1810.

Prints "The Kitten," "The Heathcock," and a song. (Information on this volume obtained from http://humanitas.ucsb.edu/depts/english/research/grad/anthologies/SW-Scott.html .)

(back)

Part I, Section A5—Primary Works/Contemporary Editions/Edited Works

Baillie, Joanna, ed. A Collection of Poems, Chiefly Manuscript, and from Living Authors. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1823.

Prepared for a Mrs. Stirling, a friend of Baillie's who had fallen into financial straits. Contains poetry from many notable poets of the day, including Anna Barbauld, General Alexander Dirom (see O'Reilly, Primary/Modern/Letters/By Baillie, below), Felicia Hemans, Sir Walter Scott, William Sotheby, Robert Southey, and Baillie herself. Includes Baillie's "A Volunteer Song," "To Mrs. Siddons," "To a Child," "Address to a Steam Vessel," "A November Night's Traveller," and "Sir Maurice."

Reviews:

*—-. Occasional Verses: To Which Are Added, Extracts from Letters, &c. By Sophia Baillie. London: [L. Miller], 1846.

Contains poems and letters of Baillie's sister-in-law, collected after her death.

(back)

Part I, Section A6—

Primary Works/Contemporary Editions/Adaptations and Translations

*Beethoven, Ludwig van, arr. "O Swiftly Glides the Bonny Boat: A Scotch Air." Baltimore: Cole, 1822.

*—-. New York: Dubois and Stodart, 1824.

*—-. New York: Geib and Walker, n.d.

*Cramer, Karl Friedrich, trans. Ethwald, ein Traurspiel in funf Acten. [Amsterdam]: Rohloff, 1807.

A translation of the second volume of A Series of Plays.

*The Election: A Comic Opera in Three Acts. Ms. 1971. Henry E. Huntington Library, Larpent Collection of Plays, California.

FirstSearch states that the play is "Altered from Joanna Baillie," but gives no information on who altered it.

*Horn, Charles Edward, arr. "'Tis Love in the Heart: The Admired Rondo [from The Election]." Words by Samuel J. Arnold. Philadelphia: Blake, n.d.

*—-. London: Williams, 1819.

A song from The Election altered by Arnold, FirstSearch states, "with the approbation of the authoress."

*Kemble, John Philip. De Monfort: A Tragedy in Five Acts. Ms. 1287. Henry E. Huntington Library, Larpent Collection of Plays, California.

According to Jeffrey N. Cox in Seven Gothic Dramas, this manuscript reworks De Monfort by making use of contemporary sources (232).

*Schreiter, H. G., trans. Basil: A Tragedy. Altenberg: n. pub., 1807.

A translation of Count Basil into German.

Thomson, George. The Select Melodies of Scotland, Interspersed with Those of Ireland and Wales. 5 vols. London: Preston; Edinburgh: Thomson, 1822.

Includes "O welcome bat and owlet gray," "The gowan glitters on the sward," "Woo'd and Married and A'," "Poverty Parts Good Company," "The Note of the Black Cock," "The Maid of Llanwellyn," "The morning air plays on my face," "Hooly and Fairly," "Now bar the door, shut out the gale," and "O Swiftly Glides the Bonny Boat." Composers for Baillie's lyrics include Kozeluch, Beethoven, and Haydn.

Review:

(back)

Part I, Section A7—Primary/Contemporary/Miscellany

*Baillie, Joanna. De Monfort. Huntington Manuscript 32693. Huntington Library. California, United States. http://www.huntington.org/LibraryDiv/LibraryHome.html

According to Jeffrey N. Cox in Seven Gothic Dramas, this manuscript appears in the hand of Thomas Campbell, who prepared it for Sarah Siddons, Jane De Monfort in the original production (232). Siddons added her own marginal notes to this manuscript.

*Bishop, Henry R. The Overture, Songs, Duett, Glees and Choruses, in the Musical Play of Guy Mannering. Additional text by Joanna Baillie. London: Goulding, D'Almaine, and Potter, 1816.

*—-. "The Chough and Crow to Roost Are Gone." Additional text by Joanna Baillie. London: Goulding, D'Almaine, and Potter, 1820.

*—-. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Blake, n.d.

Originally from Orra and then transferred to Guy Mannering, this song was published separately after The Overture, Songs, Duett, Glees and Choruses.

*Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare's Tragedy of Macbeth.

FirstSearch states that the "Folger Shakespeare Library's copy is Edwin Booth's promptbook for an unspecified production. Manuscript annotations include remarks about the play by Joanna Baillie, portraits of Edwin Booth as Macbeth, Charlotte Cushman as Lady Macbeth, [and] some prompt notes."

(back)

Part I, Section B1—Primary Works/Modern Editions/Dramatic Works

Individual Volumes

The Family Legend and Metrical Legends of Exalted Characters. Ed. and Introd. Donald H. Reiman. Romantic Context: Poetry. Significant Minor Poetry, 1789-1830. New York and London: Garland, 1976.

Reprints the 1810 first edition of The Family Legend. For the annotation of the introduction, see Reiman, Secondary/Critical, below.

*The Dramatic and Poetical Works. Anglista and American 177. Hildesheim and New York: Verlag, 1976.

Reprints the 1851 edition of The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Joanna Baillie: Complete in One Volume.

*Joanna Baillie: A Selection of Poems and Plays. Ed. Keith Hanley and Amanda Gilroy. Brookfield: Pickering and Chatto, 1997.

Miscellaneous Plays. Ed. and Introd. Donald H. Reiman. Romantic Context: Poetry. Significant Minor Poetry, 1789-1830. New York and London: Garland, 1977.

Reprints the 1804 first edition. For the annotation of the introduction, see Reiman, Secondary/Critical, below.

A Series of Plays. 3 vols. Ed. and Introd. Donald H. Reiman. Romantic Context: Poetry. Significant Minor Poetry, 1789-1830. New York and London: Garland, 1977.

Reprints the first edition of each volume. For the annotation of the introduction, see Reiman, Secondary/Critical, below.

*A Series of Plays: In Which It Is Attempted to Delineate the Stronger Passions of the Mind. Ed. Caroline Franklin. London: Routledge, 1996.

A Series of Plays, 1798. Ed. and Introd. Jonathan Wordsworth. Oxford and New York: Woodstock, 1990.

Reprints the first edition of the first volume of A Series of Plays. For the annotation of the introduction, see Wordsworth, Secondary/Critical, below.

Complete Dramas in Anthologies

Count Basil. British Literature, 1780-1830. Ed. Anne K. Mellor and Richard E. Matlak. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1996. 458-93.

Prints the first edition of Count Basil as it appears in Jonathan Wordsworth's Woodstock facsimile edition (see this section, above).

De Monfort. Seven Gothic Dramas, 1789-1825. Ed. Jeffrey N. Cox. Athens: Ohio UP, 1992. 231-314.

A critical edition based on the 1798 first edition text. Also considers the texts of a manuscript from 1800 (Larpent Ms. 1287, see Primary/Manuscripts/Published, below) and Campbell's manuscript version (Huntington Ms. 32693, see Primary/Contemporary/Miscellany, above). For the annotation of Cox's introduction to De Monfort and reviews of this book, see Secondary/Critical, below. Scenes from this edition appear in electronic form; for URL, see Secondary/Electronic, below.

*De Monfort. Romantic Tragedies. British Theatre: Eighteenth-Century English Drama 20. Frankfurt: Minerva, 1969.

The Family Legend. Female Playwrights of the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Adrienne Scullion. Everyman's Library. London: Dent; Rutland: Tuttle, 1996. 3-74.

Reprints the 1810 first edition.

(back)

Part I, Section B2—Primary Works/Modern Editions/Non-Dramatic Works

Individual Volumes

The Family Legend and Metrical Legends of Exalted Characters. Ed. and Introd. Donald H. Reiman. Romantic Context: Poetry. Significant Minor Poetry, 1789-1830. New York and London: Garland, 1976.

Reprints the 1810 first edition of The Family Legend and an 1821 edition of Metrical Legends. For the annotation of the introduction, see Reiman, Secondary/Critical, below.

*Joanna Baillie: A Selection of Poems and Plays. Ed. Keith Hanley and Amanda Gilroy. Brookfield: Pickering and Chatto, 1997.

Joanna Baillie: Poems, 1790. Ed. and Introd. Jonathan Wordsworth. Revolution and Romanticism, 1789-1834. Oxford and New York: Woodstock, 1994.

Reprints Poems: Wherein It Is Attempted . . ., Baillie's first published work. For the annotation of the introduction, see Wordsworth, Secondary/Critical, below.

*—-. Poems. Akros Pocket Classics Series 20. Edinburgh: Akros, 1995.

Selected Poems and Dramatic Excerpts

Note: As above, I have listed the poems as they appear in each volume, including variations in titles and of spelling. I have substituted the first line of poems identified only as "Song."

Abrams, M. H., ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 6th ed. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 1993.

Reprints "Up! quit thy bower" and "Woo'd and Married and A'." (Information on this volume obtained through http://www.muohio.edu/~anthol/norton6.htm .)

Armstrong, Isobel, Joseph Bristow, with Cath Sharrock, ed. Nineteenth-Century Women Poets: An Oxford Anthology. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996. 50-73.

Prints "A Winter's Day," "A Summer's Day," "To a Child," "London," "Lines to a Teapot," "Address to a Steamvessel," and "Volunteer's Song, Written in 1803."

*Ashfield, Andrew. Romantic Women Poets, 1770-1838. New York: Manchester UP, 1995.

Prints "An Address to the Night: A Fearful Mind," "London," "Address to a Steamvessel," and excerpts from "A Winter Day," "A Summer Day," "Thunder," "Wind," and "The Traveller by Night in November." (Information on this volume obtained through http://www.muohio.edu/~anthol/ashfield.htm .)

Breen, Jennifer, ed. Women Romantic Poets, 1785-1832: An Anthology. Everyman's Library. London: Dent; Rutland: Tuttle, 1992. 43-71.

Includes "A Winter's Day," "A Summer's Day," "A Reverie," "A Disappointment," "A Mother to Her Waking Infant," "A Child to His Sick Grandfather," "Hooly and Fairly," and "What voice is this, thou evening gale!"

Dixon, W. Macneille, ed. The Edinburgh Book of Scottish Verse, 1300-1900. London: Meiklejohn and Holden, 1910. Granger Index Reprint Series. Freeport: Books for Libraries, 1971. 535-40.

Contains "The Fisherman's Song," "The Outlaw's Song" from Orra ["The chough and crow to roost are gone"], "The Shepherd's Song," ["The gowan glitters on the sward"], and "Saw ye Johnnie Comin'."

Feldman, Paula R. ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era: An Anthology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.

Prints "Wind," "Thunder," "The Kitten," "Up! Quit Thy Bower," "Woo'd and Married and A'," "Address to a Steam Vessel," "The Sun is Down," "Lines to a Teapot," and "The Maid of Llanwellyn."

Fullard, Joyce, ed. British Women Poets 1660-1800: An Anthology. Troy: Whitston, 1990. 56-57, 146-48, 228-29, 458-63.

Presents "London," an excerpt from "Address to the Muses," and several songs: "Child, with many a childish wile," "Upon her saddle's quilted seat," "Wake awhile and pleasant be," "Come, form we round a cheerful ring," "O swiftly glides the bonny boat," and "High is the tower, and the watch-dogs bay."

Hale, Sarah Josepha. Woman's Record; or Sketches of All Distinguished Women from the Creation to A. D. 1854, Arranged in Four Eras with Selections from Female Writers of Every Age. 2nd ed., rev. New York: Harper, 1855. Rpt. History of Women 1780. New Haven: Research, 1975. 574-77.

Includes passages from the following: De Monfort, Henriquez, Orra, Romiero, "Lady Griseld Baillie," "Christopher Columbus," and "Address to Miss Agnes on Her Birthday."

Higonnet, Margaret Randolph, ed. British Women Poets of the 19th Century. New York: Meridian-Penguin, 1996. 143-67.

Prints "A Winter's Day," "A Summer's Day," "A Reverie," "A Mother to Her Waking Infant," "Address to the Muses," "London," and "Verses Written in February 1827."

Johnson, Rossiter, ed. Works from the British Poets, from Chaucer to Morris, with Biographical Sketches. 3 vols. New York: Appleton, 1876. 2:16-34.

Contains "To a Child," "Christopher Columbus," "Lady Griseld Baillie," and "Lord John of the East." Includes a portrait of Baillie as the frontispiece for volume two.

Jump, Harriet Devine, ed. Women's Writing of the Romantic Period, 1789-1836: An Anthology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1997. 61-63.

Prints two brief passages from the Introductory Discourse.

Kerrigan, Catherine, ed. An Anthology of Scottish Women Poets. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1991. 172-76.

Includes "Poverty Parts Good Company," "Tam O' the Lin," "Woo'd and Married and A'," and "The Shepherd's Song."

Kopp, Richard. Welsh Folksongs. http://acronet.net/~robokopp/welsh/maidofll.html. 10 August 1998. [no longer available]

Prints "The Maid of Llanwellyn," and includes a link to a melody which can be downloaded.

Lonsdale, Roger, ed. Eighteenth Century Women Poets: An Oxford Anthology. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1989. 429-45.

Reprints "A Reverie," "A Mother to Her Waking Infant," "A Child to His Sick Grandfather," "The Horse and His Rider," and excerpts from "A Winter Day," "A Summer Day," "An Address to the Muses," and "Night Scenes of Other Times."

—-. The New Oxford Book of Eighteenth Century Verse. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1984. 770-75.

Includes "A Disappointment," "A Mother to Her Waking Infant," "A Child to His Sick Grandfather," and "The Horse and His Rider."

McCordick, David, ed. Scottish Literature: An Anthology. 3 vols. New York: Lang, 1996. 2:217-25.

Contains "Disappointment," "Woo'd and Married and A'," "Fy, Let Us A' to the Wedding," "It Fell on a Morning," "The gowan glitters on the sward," "Love's Wistful Tale," "Wake, Lady," and "The Black Cock."

McGann, Jerome J., ed. The New Oxford Book of Romantic Period Verse. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1993. 592-98.

Prints "The Ghost of Fadon."

Miles, Alfred H., ed. The Poets and Poetry of the Nineteenth Century. 12 vols. London: Routledge, 1905-07. New York: AMS Press, 1967. 8:1-16.

Presents "The chough and crow to roost are gone" from Orra, "Saw Ye Johnny Comin'?," "The Maid of Llanwellyn," "Poverty Parts Gude Companie," "Fy, Let Us A' to the Wedding," "The gowan glitters on the sward," "It Was on a Morn," "Woo'd and Married and A'," and "Good Night, Good Night" from The Phantom.

Milford, H. S., ed. The Oxford Book of English Verse of the Romantic Period, 1798-1837. Oxford: Clarendon, 1935. 49-51.

A reprint of The Oxford Book of Regency Verse, below.

—-. The Oxford Book of Regency Verse, 1798-1837. Oxford: Clarendon, 1928. 49-51.

Prints brief excerpts from The Country Inn and Orra.

Mitford, Mary Russell. Recollections of a Literary Life; Or, Books, Places, and People. London: Bentley, 1851; New York: Harper, 1852. Rpt. Women of Letters. New York: AMS, 1975. 152-57.

Reprints "The Black Cock," "Woo'd and Married and A'," and "O welcome bat and owlet gray." For Mitford's critical evaluation, see Secondary/Critical, below.

Oliver, John W. and J. C. Smith, ed. A Scots Anthology from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 1949. 359-60.

Prints "The Trysting Bush."

Patrick, David and J. Liddell Geddie, ed. Chambers's Cyclopĉdia of English Literature. New ed. 3 vols. London and Edinburgh: Chambers, 1927. 2:729-34.

Includes "The Shepherd's Song," selections from "The Kitten," "Address to Miss Agnes Baillie on Her Birthday," and scenes from De Monfort, Orra, and Ethwald.

Peacock, W., ed. English Verse. 5 vols. World's Classics. London: Oxford UP, 1930. 3:533-38.

Contains "The Fisherman's Song," "The Outlaw's Song" from Orra ["The chough and crow to roost are gone"], "The Shepherd's Song," ["The gowan glitters on the sward"], "Oh welcome, bat and owlet gray," and "Hay Making."

*Perkins, David, ed. English Romantic Writers. 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt, 1995.

Includes "A Reverie," "A Mother to Her Waking Infant," "Woo'd and Married and A'," "The Ghost of Fadon," "The Kitten," and passages from the Introductory Discourse. (Information on this volume obtained through (http://www.muohio.edu/~anthol/perkins2.htm .)

Petersohn, Frank. Folksongs of Various Countries. http://ingeb.org/songs/maidofll.html . 10 August 1998.

Prints "The Maid of Llanwellyn" with a link to a melody for the lyric.

Quiller-Couch, Arthur. The Oxford Book of English Verse. Oxford: Clarendon, 1901.

Includes "The Outlaw's Song" [The chough and crow to roost are gone"]. (Information on this book obtained from http://www.bartleby.com/101/ ; see also Secondary/Electronic, below.)

Robertson, Fiona, ed. Scott. Vol. 3 of Lives of the Great Romantics II: Keats, Coleridge, and Scott, By Their Contemporaries. London: Pickering and Chatto, 1997. 20-22.

Reproduces "Lines on the Death of Sir Walter Scott."

Rogers, Charles. The Scottish Minstrel: The Songs of Scotland Subsequent to Burns. 2nd ed. Brooklyn: Swayne, 1870.

Contains "The Maid of Llanwellyn," "Good Night, Good Night," "Though richer swains thy love pursue," "Poverty Parts Gude Companie," "Fy, Let Us A' to the Wedding," "Hooly and Fairly," "The Weary Pund O' Tow," "The Wee Pickle Tow," "The gowan glitters on the sward," "Saw Ye Johnnie Comin," "It Fell on a Morning," and "Woo'd and Married and A'."

Stanford, Ann, ed. The Women Poets in English: An Anthology. New York: Hender and Hender-McGraw Hill, 1972. 101-02.

Prints "The Trysting Bush."

Tytler, Sarah and J. L. Watson. The Songstresses of Scotland. London: Strahan, 1871. 2:311-34.

Includes "Wi' Lang-Legg'd Tam," "The Merry Bachelor," "Woo'd and Married and A'," "It Fell on a Morn when We Were Thrang," "Fy, Let Us A' to the Wedding," "Hooly and Fairly," "The Weary Pund O' Tow," "Tam O' the Lin," "The Wee Pickle Tow," "The Lover's Watch," "Poverty Parts Good Company," and "Saw Ye Johnny Comin." For Tytler's and Watson's introduction to the poems, see Secondary/Biography/Nineteenth, below.

Uphaus, Robert W. and Gretchen M. Foster, ed. The "Other" Eighteenth Century: English Women of Letters, 1660-1800. East Lansing: Colleagues, 1991. 343-58.

Prints excerpts from the Introductory Discourse from the 1799 second edition of A Series of Plays.

Ward, Thomas Humphry, ed. The English Poets: Selections with Critical Introductions by Various Writers. 5 vols. London: Macmillan, 1880. 4:221-6.

Prints "The Chough and Crow," "The Fisherman's Song," "They who may tell love's wistful tale," and "Woo'd and Married and A'." For the annotation of the "Critical Introduction," see Robinson, Secondary/Critical, below.

White, Guy Wallace, ed. http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/guy.white/linesto.htm 10 August 1998. [no longer available]

Reprints "Lines to Agnes Baillie on Her Birthday."

—-. http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/guy.white/thunder.htm 10 August 1998. [no longer available]

Contains "Thunder."

Wu, Duncan, ed. Romantic Women Poets: An Anthology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997. 254-60.

Prints "The gowan glitters on the sward," "What voice is this, thou evening gale," and "Tam o' the Lin."

—-. Romanticism: An Anthology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. 153-54.

Prints a brief passage from the Introductory Discourse.

(back)

Part I, Section B3—Primary Works/Modern Editions/Letters

Letters Written by Baillie

Major Collections

*Lambertson, Chester Lee, ed. "The Letters of Joanna Baillie (1801-1832)." Diss. Harvard University, 1956. American Doctoral Dissertations (1956).

Slagle, Judith Bailey. The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie. 2 vols. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1998.

Covers over 800 of Baillie's previously unpublished letters to various correspondents, including Mary Berry, Lady Byron, John Gibson Lockhart, Sir Walter Scott, George Thomson, and family members.

Published in Collections or Journals

Douglas, David, ed. Familiar Letters of Sir Walter Scott. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Douglas, 1894.

Prints eight letters from Baillie to Scott; subjects include reactions to Scott's House of Aspen, Rokeby, and The Bride of Lammermoor, impressions upon meeting Maria Edgeworth, Abbotsford, the separation of Lord and Lady Byron, and Byron's Giaour. Also prints several letters from Scott to Baillie, see this section, below.

Hill, Constance. Maria Edgeworth and Her Circle in the Days of Buonaparte and Bourbon. London and New York: Lane, 1910.

For annotation, see Secondary/Biography/Twentieth, below.

Lambertson, C[hester] L[ee], ed. "Speaking of Byron." Malahat Review 12 (1969): 18-42; 13 (1970): 24-46.

Includes nine letters in volume twelve; subjects include Byron's Corsair, Byron's appreciation of De Monfort and his influence at Drury Lane, Scott's trip to France and subsequent poem on Waterloo, the Byrons' separation, and the future marriage of Baillie's niece. Presents seven letters in volume thirteen; subjects include Baillie's trip to Europe with her niece, the characters of Lord and Lady Byron, contemporary writers such as Byron and Edgeworth, publishing poetry, and Scott's reactions to and Baillie's revisions of "Christopher Columbus."

MacPherson, Gerardine. Memoirs of the Life of Anna Jameson. London: Longmans, 1878.

Reprints three letters from Baillie to Jameson which include favorable comments on Jameson's "Winter Studies," expressions of sorrow concerning the death of a Dr. Channing, and laments for the moral state of Scotland. For MacPherson's impressions of Baillie, see MacPherson, Secondary/Biography/Nineteenth, below.

O'Reilly, W. H., ed. "Unpublished Letters of Joanna Baillie to a Dumfriesshire Laird." Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society: Transactions and Journal of Proceedings 18 (1934): 10-27.

Contains eleven letters (ranging from 1821 to 1827) from Baillie to General Alexander Dirom, a military leader, author, and friend. Subjects include mutual friends, invitations to visit, and literary matters such as: Baillie's thanks to Dirom for kind words about her Metrical Legends and The Martyr, her positive feedback on Dirom's own work, a discussion of Baillie's meetings with the publisher, Longman, on Dirom's behalf, a mention of Ahalya Baee as a "perfect female character," and a solicitation to Dirom for a poem to include in her 1823 A Collection of Poems, Chiefly Manuscript.

Partington, Wilfred, ed. The Private Letter-Books of Sir Walter Scott: Selections from the Abbotsford Manuscripts, with a Letter to the Reader from Hugh Walpole. London: Hodden and Stoughton; New York: Stokes, 1930.

Includes three letters by Baillie in which she discusses her niece's impending marriage, Guy Mannering, recent theatrical productions, and Scott's Life of Napoleon.

—-. Sir Walter's Post-Bag: More Stories and Sidelights from His Unpublished Letters. London: Murray, 1932.

Presents extracts from several of Baillie's letters; subjects include William Wordsworth and Robert Southey, reactions to The Knight of Snowdon, London, her thoughts about producing an economical version of The Family Legend, the preservation of national forests, a French memorial to Voltaire, Lady and Lord Byron, Charles I, daily life, Scott's baronetcy, payment for poetry, and the journey from Abbotsford to London.

Sutton, Denys, ed. "Joanna Baillie and Sir George Beaumont, Bart." Notes and Queries 174 (1938): 146-48.

Includes three letters from Baillie to Sir George Beaumont in which Baillie solicits Beaumont's influence to help a Mr. Bell's election to the Royal Academy.

Letters Written to Baillie

Colvin, Christina E. "Maria Edgeworth's Tours in Ireland, II. Killarney." Studia Neophilologica 43 (1971): 252-56.

Prints a letter from Edgeworth which details an 1825 journey she made with Sir Walter Scott, John Gibson Lockhart, Anne Scott, Captain Walter Scott, his wife, and Harriet Edgeworth. Details stops made in Killarney, Cork, Mallow, and Cashell. Calls Scott "the most agreeable companion possible."

Dibdin, James C. The Annals of the Edinburgh Stage, with an Account of the Rise and Progress of Dramatic Writing in Scotland. Edinburgh: Cameron, 1888.

Reproduces passages from two of Sir Walter Scott's letters concerning the production of The Family Legend.

Douglas, David, ed. Familiar Letters of Sir Walter Scott. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Douglas, 1894.

Presents several letters from Scott to Baillie; subjects include Scott's estimation of Francis Jeffrey, production of The Family Legend, dramatization of The Lady of the Lake, Abbotsford and renovations to it, Anna Barbauld, Charles I, Baillie's change from "Miss" to "Mrs.," the Byrons and their separation, Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Maria Edgeworth's Harrington and Ormond, the death of Scott's mother, and Scott's contribution to Baillie's A Collection of Poems, Chiefly Manuscript.

Lockhart, John Gibson. The Life of Sir Walter Scott. 10 vols. Edinburgh: Constable, 1903.

Presents several letters from Scott to Baillie; subjects include mutual literary friends, Scott's plans to visit Baillie in London, production of and reaction to The Family Legend, Scott's visit to Lady Rock and the surrounding Highland area, Scott's literary work, his critiques of A Series of Plays—especially volume three, Edinburgh and London society, Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, British royalty, and life at Abbotsford.

Plarr, Victor C. "Sir Walter Scott and Joanna Baillie." Edinburgh Review 216 (1912): 355-71; 217 (1913): 170-81.

Prints several letters from Sir Walter Scott to Joanna Baillie in volume 216; subjects include the Edinburgh production of The Family Legend, suggestions for minor revisions to the play, criticism of most of the actors, and details of the play's public reception. Prints seven letters in volume 217; details include Scott's illness, his appeal to Matthew Baillie for treatment, composition of the Waverly novels, and reactions to drafts of Baillie's The Martyr and her "witchcraft story" [Witchcraft].

(back)

Part I, Section C1—Primary Works/Manuscripts/Published Works

Note: In this section and the next, I have included listings only for complete plays or collections with more than one work. Individual poems or letters are not included. For more information on Baillie manuscripts, see David C. Sutton, ed. Location Register of English Literary Manuscripts and Letters: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. London: British Library, 1995.

*The Beacon: A Serious Musical Drama in Two Acts. Ms. 1846. Henry E. Huntington Library, Larpent Collection of Plays. California, United States. http://www.huntington.org/LibraryDiv/LibraryHome.html

*Constantine Paleologus. Ms. 1557. Henry E. Huntington Library, Larpent Collection of Plays. California, United States. http://www.huntington.org/LibraryDiv/LibraryHome.html

*The Family Legend: A Tragedy. Ms. Press V, Shelf I. Abbotsford Library. Edinburgh, Scotland.

*[Miscellaneous Papers]. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature. New York Public Library. New York, United States. http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/spe/brg/berg.html and http://www.nypl.org/ .

The catalog gives no manuscript numbers but states that the collection holds holograph revisions for De Monfort, manuscripts for "Fy, Let Us A' to the Wedding," "On the Death of a Very Dear Friend," and several letters.

*Plays: [submitted to the Lord Chamberlain's Office]. Ms. Henry E. Huntington Library, Larpent Collection of Plays. California, United States. http://www.huntington.org/LibraryDiv/LibraryHome.html

The Location Register states that the plays are dated from 1808-1815 but offers neither a manuscript number nor details on which plays.

*Plays: [submitted to the Lord Chamberlain's Office]. Ms. 42934-42935. British Library. London, England. http://www.bl.uk/

Again, no specific plays are listed, but as the Index to Manuscripts in the British Library gives the date as 1836, the plays are likely those of Baillie's Dramas, published that same year.

*[Poems]. Ms. Vol. 1.44-48, 1.75, and Vol. 2.69. Royal College of Surgeons of England, Hunter-Baillie Collection. London, England. http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/

The Location Register states that these papers include "Lines to Agnes Baillie on Her Birthday," "To James Baillie, an Infant," "Sweet bird of promise, fresh and fair," and a fragment of Ethwald.

(back)

Part I, Section C2—Primary Works/Manuscripts/Unpublished Works

*Memoirs Written to Please My Nephew William Baillie. Ms. 5613/68/1-6. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. London, England. http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/hstm/data/153.htm

*Prose Writings. Ms. Vol. 9.10 and 9.68-9. Royal College of Surgeons of England, Hunter-Baillie Collection. London, England. http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/

The Location Register states these writings include "An Old Story," "The Lady and Her Two Maids," and "A Plan of a Comedy," among other items.

(back)

Part I, Section C3—Primary Works/Manuscripts/Letters

Note: This section is meant to provide preliminary information on locations of Baillie's letters; it is not meant to be exhaustive. Rather, I intend only to give a sense of the volume of Baillie's correspondence as well as to point scholars to locations with significant amounts of Baillie materials. For more information regarding Baillie's letters, their locations, and manuscript numbers, see Judith Bailey Slagle, The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie, listed in Primary/Modern/Letters, above. Thanks to Judith Slagle for sharing information from that work for this section of the bibliography.

Bodleian Library. Oxford University, England. http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/

Contains letters written between 1814 and 1850, and includes Lady Byron, Mary Montgomery, and the Bishop of Salisbury as corespondents.

British Library. London, England. http://www.bl.uk/

Possesses nearly eighty letters (1804-1842) to George Thomson for whom Baillie provided song lyrics.

Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre and Swiss Cottage Library. London, England.

Includes letters dating from 1813-1843, for which Margaret Holford Hodson and William Beattie appear as principal correspondents.

Edinburgh University Library. Edinburgh, Scotland. http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/

Owns a dozen letters written to various correspondents, one of whom is Sir Walter Scott.

Houghton Library, Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. http://www-hcl.harvard.edu/houghton/

Contains nearly forty letters to Andrews Norton. Subjects include Baillie's opinions on American writers and American editions of her own plays.

Huntington Library. California, United States. http://www.huntington.org/LibraryDiv/LibraryHome.html

Includes less than two dozen letters to various recipients.

National Library of Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland. http://www.nls.uk/

Possesses a large number of Baillie's letters, with over 150 to Sir Walter Scott alone; other correspondents include Anne Elliot, Anna Jameson, and John Gibson Lockhart.

Royal College of Surgeons. London, England. http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/

Includes letters written between 1821-1851 with such correspondents as William Sotheby, Mary Berry, and family members.

University of Glasgow Library. Glasgow, Scotland. http://www.gla.ac.uk/Library/index.html

Contains several letters to Lady Campbell, Baillie's cousin.

Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. London, England. http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/hstm/data/153.htm

Possesses mainly letters to family and Mary Berry.

(back)

Part II, Section A1—Secondary/Biography/Nineteenth-Century

Notes: There were no single volume biographies published during Baillie's life, and only one after her death. The following section lists biographical sketches of Baillie or brief descriptions of events in her life published when she was alive, just after her death, or by those who knew her during her life.

I have placed in this section—and the next—sources which are primarily factual. Many sources do, of course, provide some literary comment along with their depictions of Baillie's life. Those sources included in the following two sections, however, possess a stronger emphasis on Baillie's life rather than her work. Sources possessing a significant element of biography along with a stronger emphasis on critical comment are listed here and cross-referenced to Secondary/Critical, below.

Coleridge, Sara. Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge. Ed. Edith Coleridge. New York: Harper, 1874.

Contains four letters written after 1830 which refer to Baillie. Describes Baillie's appearance and advanced age, and remarks that Baillie's 1836 Dramas are not as strong as the Plays on the Passions. Expresses loss and grief following Baillie's death.

Cone, Helen Gray and Jeannette L. Gilder, ed. Pen-Portraits of Literary Women. 2 vols. Boston: Educational Publishing, 1900. 1:223-41.

Reproduces descriptions of Baillie and appraisals of her work. Includes passages by Sarah Tytler and J. L. Watson, John Gibson Lockhart, Sara Coleridge, and Harriet Martineau.

"Death of Joanna Baillie." Littell's Living Age 29 (1851): 218.

Provides an overview of Baillie's life and literary career and emphasizes the genius of A Series of Plays and their lack of theatrical success.

Edgeworth, Maria. Letters from England, 1813-1844. Ed. Christina Colvin. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971.

Contains no letters to Baillie, but gives several of Edgeworth's letters in which Baillie appears. Subjects include: Edgeworth's visits with Baillie and her sister Agnes (several letters are written from their home), the sisters' hospitality, a trip with Baillie to see Anna Barbauld, a dinner party at which Baillie danced, the Baillie sisters' care for an ailing cat, the many visitors to the Baillies' home, and the sisters' consistent kindness. Calls Baillie "the most amiable literary woman I ever beheld."

Farrar, [Eliza]. Recollections of Seventy Years. Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1866.

Details a meeting with Baillie, and notes Baillie's grace, tact, and attention to guests. Recalls a story about Baillie and her sister attending the opera with Lord Byron.

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett. Some Eminent Women of Our Times: Short Biographical Sketches. London and New York: Macmillan, 1889.

For annotation, see Secondary/Critical, below.

Hamilton, Catherine J. Women Writers: Their Works and Ways. First Series. 1892. Essay Index Reprint Series. Freeport: Books for Libraries, 1971.

For annotation, see Secondary/Critical, below.

Hutton, Laurence. Literary Landmarks of London. 4th ed. Boston: Ticknor, 1888.

Describes both homes in which Baillie lived while in London, including their location and appearance. Also notes Baillie's burial place in Hampstead Churchyard.

"Lord Jeffrey and Joanna Baillie." International Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Science 3 (1851): 312.

Gives a brief account of Baillie's friendship with Jeffrey, including her initial refusal to be introduced to him and their friendship in later years.

MacPherson, Gerardine. Memoirs of the Life of Anna Jameson. London: Longmans, 1878.

Recounts a childhood visit by the author (Jameson's niece) to see Baillie, noting her kindness and simplicity. Reprints three letters from Baillie to Jameson; for annotation, see Primary/Modern/Letters, above.

Martineau, Harriet. Harriet Martineau's Autobiography. 2 vols. 6th ed. Ed. Maria Weston Chapman. Boston: Osgood, 1877.

Describes a brief meeting with Baillie, noting her patience and perseverance.

"Obituaries." Harper's New Monthly Magazine 2 (1851): 709.

For annotation, see Secondary/Critical, below.

Robinson, Henry Crabbe. Diary, Reminiscences, and Correspondence. Ed. Thomas Sadler. Boston: Houghton, 1876.

Brief references to Baillie note her kindness and intellect. Provides the story relating Wordsworth's often quoted description of Baillie as the "model of an English gentlewoman."

Sigourney, L. H. Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands. Boston: Munroe, 1842.

Tells of a visit to see Baillie whom the author found, at age 73, to be lively and unfatigued by a walk in the cold.

Sprague, William B. Visits to European Celebrities. Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1855.

Briefly describes the author's visit to Baillie when the latter was 72. Notes her preference for the Scottish church over the English one and her devotion to family. Concludes that Baillie is a "compound of intelligence, loveliness, and venerable simplicity."

Tappan, Henry P. Illustrious Personages of the Nineteenth Century. New York: Stringer and Townsend, 1853.

Provides a biographical chapter on Baillie with a focus on family members not found in many other sources. Praises Baillie's moral example, Christian faith, and her clear and forceful style. Also states that Baillie's plays are "better suited to the sober perusal of the closet than the bustle and animation of the theatre."

Ticknor, George. Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor. 2 vols. Boston: Osgood, 1876.

Narrates the author's 1835 introduction to Baillie, and describes her as living "exactly as an English gentlewoman of her age and character should live." Also briefly notes an 1838 meeting during which Baillie spoke kindly of Sir Walter Scott and John Gibson Lockhart.

Tytler, Sarah and J. L. Watson. The Songstresses of Scotland. London: Strahan, 1871. 2:180-34.

Provides a detailed biography of Baillie's life with special emphasis on Baillie's early life and her friendships with Sir Walter Scott and Mary Berry. Also reprints several of Baillie's poems; for list, see Primary/Modern/Non-Dramatic/Selected, above.

Waller, John Francis. "Leaves from the Portfolio of a Manager, No. IV: Joanna Baillie." Dublin University Magazine 37 (1851): 529-36.

For annotation, see Secondary/Critical, below.

(back)

Part II, Section A2—Secondary/Biography/Twentieth-Century

Note: In this section, I have included several, though by no means all, biographies of Sir Walter Scott. Although Baillie appears in many biographies of Scott, authors often only note in passing that she corresponded with Scott or that Scott helped stage The Family Legend. I have not listed those biographies of Scott which do not consider Baillie in further detail.

Buchan, John. Sir Walter Scott. London, Toronto, and Melbourne: Cassell, 1932.

Mentions Baillie as one of Sir Walter Scott's correspondents. Notes that Baillie once cared for Sophia Scott when her parents visited London.

Carhart, Margaret S. The Life and Works of Joanna Baillie. Yale Studies in English 64. New Haven: Yale UP, 1923.

Offers the only full length biography of Baillie. Divides the book into six sections: "The Life of Joanna Baillie," "Literary Background," "Dramatic Theory," "Stage History," "Non-Dramatic Poetry," and "Joanna Baillie's Place in Literature." In "Life," emphasizes Baillie's literary milieux and her religion. In "Literary Background," traces both past and contemporary influences on Baillie's work, including contemporary history books, Greek drama, Robert Burns, and Shakespeare, while in "Dramatic Theory," heavily quotes and paraphrases Baillie's Introductory Discourse. In "Stage History," details dates of performances, provides cast lists, surveys public reception, and notes revisions made during rehearsals for several of Baillie's plays. In "Non-Dramatic Poetry," offers a cursory look at main themes in Baillie's poetry. In the final chapter, concludes that Baillie "stands to-day as the greatest Scotch dramatist."

Carswell, Donald. Sir Walter: A Four Part Study in Biography (Scott, Hogg, Lockhart, Joanna Baillie). London: Murray, 1930.

Provides a chapter on Baillie's life. Emphasizes her family—especially her father and brother —and her early life. Details William Sotheby's introduction of Baillie to Sir Walter Scott and the subsequent friendship between the latter two. Also considers the literary stir caused by A Series of Plays, Scott's negative reaction to Baillie's A View of the General Tenour . . ., and Baillie's old age. Suggests that Baillie never achieved acclaim beyond the literati, and asserts that praise of her work resulted from Baillie's dramatic ideas, not her execution of them in her plays. Maintains that her plays, always thought to be unstageable, are, in the twentieth century, "not even readable."

Hill, Constance. Maria Edgeworth and Her Circle in the Days of Buonaparte and Bourbon. London and New York: Lane, 1910.

Discusses the friendship between Maria Edgeworth and Baillie, and prints Baillie's letter regarding her first impressions of Edgeworth. Tells of Edgeworth's 1818 extended visit with the Baillies, a public reading of one of Baillie's plays, and a dinner party at a Mr. and Mrs. Carr's. Also includes comments on Baillie by Sir Walter Scott, Lucy Aiken, and Anna Barbauld.

Johnson, Edgar. Sir Walter Scott: The Great Unknown. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1970.

Gives attention to the Edinburgh production of The Family Legend and the subsequent revival of De Monfort. Presents reactions from those who attended The Family Legend, including Scott, David Hume, and Robert Blair. Also notes briefly Baillie's unsuccessful appeals for Scott to intervene in the Byrons' separation. Discusses Scott's struggle to write a poem for Baillie's A Collection of Poems, Chiefly Manuscript.

Lockhart, John Gibson. The Life of Sir Walter Scott. 10 vols. Edinburgh: Constable, 1903.

Examines Baillie's friendship with Scott; details include their first meeting and Baillie's initial reaction to Scott, Baillie's visit to Abbotsford, The Family Legend and Scott's appraisals of it, and Scott's reactions to Baillie's other work, including Orra and her poetry.

MacCunn, Florence. Sir Walter Scott's Friends. London: Blackwood, 1909; New York: Lane, 1910.

Argues that Baillie was an original thinker whose sheltered life harmed the realism of her depictions of the passions. Details Baillie's family history and her literary friends. Gives special attention to Scott's friendship with Baillie, and argues that his praise of her is overgenerous.

McKerrow, Mary. "Joanna Baillie and Mary Brunton: Women of the Manse." Living by the Pen: Early British Women Writers. Ed. Dale Spender. Athene Series. New York: Teachers College, 1992. 160-74.

Offers a brief literary biography, and notes the publications of Baillie's works. Asserts that Baillie's greatest achievement was to write wide-ranging tragedies depicting the varieties of human passion while living "a relatively sheltered life." Discusses Baillie's anxiety regarding her participation in the male literary world.

Pearson, Hesketh. Sir Walter Scott: His Life and Personality. New York: Harper, 1954. Rpt. London: Hamilton, 1987.

For annotation, see Secondary/Critical, below.

Sutherland, John. The Life of Sir Walter Scott: A Critical Biography. Oxford and Cambridge (MA): Blackwell, 1995.

States that Scott attempted to promote Baillie "as Scotland's greatest living dramatist." Also describes Scott's efforts to produce The Family Legend, and notes his persuasion of Baillie to release production rights and his participation in rehearsals.

(back)

Part II, Section A3—Secondary/Biography/Biographical Dictionaries

Note: In this section, I have limited listings to the most recent edition of a particular title. As such, although each edition of, for example, The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to Great Britain and Ireland includes Baillie, only the second is listed here.

Adams, W. Davenport. Dictionary of English Literature, Being a Comprehensive Guide to English Authors and Their Works. 2nd ed. London, Paris, and New York: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, 1884. Rpt. Detroit: Gale, 1966. 50.

Allibone, S. Austin, ed. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle Half of the Nineteenth Century. 3 vols. Philadelphia: Childs, 1863. 1:100-01.

Baker, David Erskine, Isaac Reed, and Stephen Jones. Biographica Dramatica; or A Companion to the Playhouse. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1812. 1:15.

Barnhart, Clarence L., ed. The New Century Handbook of English Literature. Rev. ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967. 82.

Blain, Virginia, Patricia Clements, and Isobel Grundy, ed. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. New Haven: Yale UP, 1990. 50-1.

Bold, Alan, ed. Scotland: A Literary Guide. London: Routledge, 1989. 45-46.

Browning, D. C., comp. Everyman's Dictionary of Literary Biography, English and American. Rev. ed. Everyman's Reference Library. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1962. 30.

Buck, Claire, ed. The Bloomsbury Guide to Women's Literature. New York: Prentice Hall, 1992. 312.

Concise Dictionary of National Biography. London: Oxford UP, [1961]. 47.

de Ford, Miriam Allen. "Baillie, Joanna." British Authors of the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Stanley J. Kunitz. New York: Wilson, 1936. 28-30.

Door, Priscilla. "Joanna Baillie." An Encyclopedia of British Women Writers. Ed. Paul Schlueter and June Schlueter. New York and London: Garland, 1988. 15-16.

Drabble, Margaret, ed. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. 60-1.

Drabble, Margaret and Jenny Stringer, ed. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. Rev. ed. Oxford Paperback Reference. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1996. 35.

Eagle, Dorothy, ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Literature. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1970. 33.

Eagle, Dorothy, and Hilary Carnell, comp. and ed. The Oxford Literary Guide to the British Isles. 2nd ed. Ed. Eagle and Meic Stephens. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1992. 157-58.

Lindsay, Maurice. "Baillie, Joanna." Reference Guide to English Literature. 2nd ed. 3 vols. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. St. James Reference Guides. Chicago and London: St James, 1991. 1:197-98.

Maison, Margaret. "Baillie, Joanna." British Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide. Ed. Janet Todd. New York: Ungar-Continuum, 1989. 29-33.

Mann, David D., Susan Garland Mann, and Camille Garnier. Women Playwrights in England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1660-1823. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1996. 45-47.

Morley, Frank. Literary Britain: A Reader's Guide to Its Writers and Landmarks. New York: Harper, 1980. 453-54.

Ousby, Ian, ed. The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English. Rev. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993. 52.

Ross, Marlon B. "Joanna Baillie." British Romantic Poets, 1789-1832: First Series. Ed. John R. Greenfield. Dictionary of Literary Biography 93. Detroit: Bruccoli Clark-Gale, 1990. 3-15.

Royle, Trevor. Companion to Scottish Literature. Detroit: Gale, 1983. 16. Rpt. of The Macmillan Companion to Scottish Literature. London: Macmillan, 1983.

—-. The Macmillan Companion to Scottish Literature. London: Macmillan, 1983. 16.

—-. Mainstream Companion to Scottish Literature. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1993. 16.

Sampson, George. The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature. 3rd ed. Ed. R. C. Churchill. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1970. 497, 535.

Schnorrenberg, Barbara Brandon. "Joanna Baillie." A Dictionary of British and American Writers, 1660-1800. Ed. Janet Todd. London: Methuen, 1984. 35-36.

Shattock, Joanne, ed. The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1993. 20-1.

Smith, George Bennet. "Baillie, Joanna." The Dictionary of National Biography. 24 vols. Ed. Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1917. 1:886-89.

Uglow, Jennifer S., ed. The Continuum Dictionary of Women's Biography. New Expanded ed. New York: Continuum, 1989. 42.

Watt, Homer A. and William W. Watt. A Handbook of English Literature. Everyday Handbook. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1959. 16. Rpt. of A Dictionary of English Literature. 1945.

Webster's New Biographical Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1983. 67.

Wynne-Davies, Marion, ed. Prentice Hall Guide to English Literature. New York: Prentice Hall, 1990. 335.

(back)

Part II, Section B—Secondary Works/Critical Interpretations

Note: In this section, I have included reviews