Abstracts
Abstract
The tectonic evolution of the northern Appalachian orogen is typically organized into orogenic episodes. The Taconian orogeny includes latest Cambrian to Late Ordovician arc-continent collision. Subsequent polarity reversal led to Silurian accretion of Ganderian terranes during Salinian orogenesis. The Acadian orogeny comprises Pridoli to Middle Devonian deformation attributed to accretion of West Avalonia to Laurentia. The term Neo-Acadian was coined by Robinson for Late Devonian to Mississippian shortening in New England, ca. 370–350 Ma, but the Indigenous-derived name Quaboagian was subsequently favoured for this episode.
The “Neoacadian” later became associated with Meguma terrane docking, but clear convergent deformation in the Meguma terrane falls outside the original Neo-Acadian interval. Folding of strata in the Meguma terrane from ca. 409 Ma, concurrent with Acadian deformation, occurred in a different tectonic environment; emplacement of subduction-related plutons followed at mainly ca. 379–372 Ma. The ca. 370–350 Ma interval saw uplift of the Meguma terrane, local plutonism, and deposition of the Horton Group in a basin-and-range setting, whereas the crust beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence thinned to less than half normal thickness during Maritimes basin development. These anorogenic transtensional basins were probably connected with Quaboagian shortening in New England via dextral strike-slip. Shortening and inversion resumed after ca. 330 Ma, associated with dextral transpression, docking the Meguma terrane close its present-day position.
The misuse of "Neoacadian orogeny" leads to misconceptions about its timing of accretion and about ca. 370–350 Ma tectonics in Atlantic Canada, which involved extension not shortening. We recommend the term be abandoned in favour of Quaboagian and restricted to convergence in New England. Earlier deformation in the Meguma terrane may be attributed to the Kejimkujic orogeny.
Keywords:
- Acadian orogeny,
- Appalachians,
- Tectonics
Résumé
L’évolution tectonique de l’orogène appalachien septentrional est généralement structurée en épisodes orogéniques. L’orogenèse taconique englobe la collision arc-continent ayant duré de la fin du Cambrien à l’Ordovicien tardif. Une inversion de polarité subséquente a produit l’accrétion silurienne des terranes gandériens au cours de l’orogenèse salinienne. L’orogenèse acadienne inclut les déformations du Pridolien au Dévonien moyen attribuées à l’accrétion de l’Avalonie occidentale à la Laurentie. Le terme « néo-acadien » avait été proposé par Robinson pour désigner un raccourcissement ayant eu lieu en Nouvelle-Angleterre entre le Dévonien tardif et le Mississippien, vers 370 à 350 Ma, mais le qualificatif « quaboagien », découlant d’un nom autochtone, a subséquemment été privilégié pour cet épisode.
Le terme « néo-acadien » a par la suite été associé à l’arrimage du terrane de Meguma, mais la déformation convergente claire dans Meguma se situe hors de l’intervalle néo-acadien initial. Le plissement des strates dans le terrane de Meguma il y a environ 409 Ma, concomitant à la déformation acadienne, s’est déroulé dans un milieu tectonique différent; la mise en place de plutons liés à la subduction a suivi principalement entre 379 et 372 Ma. L’intervalle de 370 à 350 Ma correspond à un soulèvement du terrane de Meguma, à un plutonisme local et au dépôt du groupe de Horton dans un milieu de type « bassin à horsts et dépressions tectoniques », tandis que la croûte sous le golfe du Saint-Laurent s’est amincie à moins de la moitié de son épaisseur normale durant le développement du bassin des Maritimes. Ces bassins transtensionnels anorogéniques étaient probablement reliés au raccourcissement quaboagien qu’un décrochement dextre a causé en Nouvelle-Angleterre. Le raccourcissement et l’inversion ont repris après 330 Ma, conjointement avec une transpression dextre, arrimant le terrane de Meguma près de sa position actuelle.
L’usage erroné du terme « orogenèse néo-acadienne » crée des malentendus quant au moment de l’accrétion et à la dynamique tectonique de 370 à 350 Ma au Canada atlantique, lesquelles étaient extensives plutôt que compressives. Il est recommandé d’abandonner le terme au profit de « quaboagien » et de limiter ce dernier à la convergence de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. La déformation antérieure dans le terrane de Meguma peut être attribuée à l’orogenèse de Kejimkujic.
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