Abstracts
Résumé
Van Rensselaer Potter (1911-2001), le biologiste à l’origine du terme « bioéthique » dans les écrits nord-américains, considère que « real bioethics falls in the context of the ideals of […] Aldo Leopold », un forestier, philosophe et poète ayant marqué le XXe siècle. Associer Leopold à Potter a pour effet de placer la bioéthique dans la famille des éthiques de l’environnement, ce qui la différencie du sens conventionnel retenu en médecine et en recherche depuis le Rapport Belmont (1979), une déclaration ayant propulsé l’institutionnalisation de la bioéthique en Amérique du Nord. Cependant, diviser la bioéthique entre le médical et l’environnemental est réducteur. Potter propose au contraire une bioéthique globale s’intéressant aux enjeux situés à leur interface, dont ceux concernant la terre, la vie sauvage, la surpopulation, la consommation, etc. Cet article vise à amorcer un nouveau chantier d’analyse de la pensée de Potter en s’appuyant sur l’héritage de Leopold en biologie. Une synthèse de cette vision potterienne est proposée de manière à considérer son oeuvre comme un tout cohérent s’intégrant aux grands débats qui transcendent les XXe et XXIe siècles. Sa vision apparaît comme une sagesse collective et prospective sous la forme d’une science de la survie et d’un code de bioéthique. Dépassant l’éthique de l’environnement, son association avec Leopold offre un modèle de la complexité s’imposant comme cas indissociable du contexte qui l’englobe, en améliorant nos façons d’intervenir en pratique dans un monde en constante transformation, à titre de gouvernance adaptative et de sagesse de la responsabilité.
Mots-clés :
- Van Rensselaer Potter,
- Aldo Leopold,
- bioéthique globale,
- éthique environnementale,
- biologie
Abstract
Van Rensselaer Potter (1911-2001), the biologist who coined the term “bioethics” in North American scholarship, considers that “real bioethics falls in the context of the ideals of [...] Aldo Leopold”, a forester, philosopher and poet who marked the 20th century. Associating Leopold with Potter has the effect of placing bioethics in the family of environmental ethics, which differentiates it from the conventional sense held in medicine and research since the Belmont Report (1979), a declaration that has driven the institutionalization of bioethics in North America. However, dividing bioethics into the “medical” and “environmental” is reductionist. Instead, Potter coins the idea of a global bioethics that addresses issues at their interface, including “land, wildlife, overpopulation, consumption, etc.” This article aims to start a new analysis of Potter’s thinking, drawing on the legacy of Aldo Leopold in biology. A synthesis of this Potterian vision is proposed to consider his work as a coherent whole that integrates into the great debates that transcend 20th and 21st centuries. This Potterian vision appears as a collective and prospective wisdom in the form of a science of survival and Bioethical creed. Going beyond environmental ethics, this association with Leopold offers a model of complexity that is indistinguishable from the context in which it is embedded, improving the ways in which we intervene in practice in an ever-changing world through an adaptive governance and the wisdom of responsibility.
Keywords:
- Van Rensselaer Potter,
- Aldo Leopold,
- global bioethics,
- environmental ethics,
- biology
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Appendices
Remerciements / Acknowledgements
Les auteurs reconnaissent les contributions importantes du Centre d’expertise et de recherche clinique en santé et bien-être animal (CERCL), de la communauté de la santé animale et du projet du Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ) qui ont fourni l’étude de cas structurante et ont rendu possible la théorisation présentée dans cet article. Boudreau LeBlanc est affilié au Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), au Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CRESP) et à l’Observatoire Internationale sur les Impacts Sociétaux de l’IA et du Numérique (OBVIA), l’Institut de Valorisation des DOnnées (IVADO), l’Institut de Valorisation des DOnnées (IVADO), le Global One Health Network (G1HN), ainsi qu’au LaBioethX et au Laboratoire de recherche Une seule santé; il a pu bénéficier de riches discussions avec les membres de ces communautés et aussi de financements de ces institutions qui ont contribué aux réflexions ici et là ayant permis l’esquisse du présent cadre conceptuel.
The authors acknowledge the important contributions of the Centre d’expertise et de recherche clinique en santé et bien-être animal (CERCL), the animal health community, and the Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ) project that provided the structuring case study and made possible the theorization presented in this article. Boudreau LeBlanc is affiliated with the Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), the Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CRESP) and the Observatoire Internationale sur les Impacts Sociétaux de l’AI et du Numérique (OBVIA), Institut de Valorisation des DOnnées (IVADO) the Global One Health Network (G1HN), as well as LaBioethX and the One Health Research Laboratory; he benefited from rich discussions with members of these communities and also from funding from these institutions, which contributed to reflections that resulted in this conceptual framework.
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