Abstracts
Abstract
With increasing numbers of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds enrolling in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs, understanding intercultural communicative competence can contribute to developing effective EAP pathways to higher education. This review of the literature was carried out to synthesize and uncover emerging themes related to intercultural communicative competence and EAP over a 20-year period from 1996 to 2016. A careful search found 15 scholarly works related to this topic. Papers were coded and analyzed for their key findings to reveal eight major themes: miscommunication, ethnocentrism, acculturation, awareness, ethnorelativism, identity, teaching and learning, and academic success. The scant literature related to the topic points to the need for further research. However, the findings do indicate how EAP practitioners can move away from ethnocentric perceptions and programs of study fixed on acculturation toward ethnorelative understandings and EAP classrooms that support intercultural awareness for both teachers and students.
Keywords:
- English for Academic Purposes,
- Intercultural Communicative Competence,
- Intercultural Awareness,
- Intercultural Communication,
- Higher Education
Résumé
Il y a un nombre croissant d’étudiants d’origines culturelles et linguistiques diverses dans les programmes d’anglais à des fins académiques (PAFA). Par conséquent, la compréhension des compétences en communication interculturelle peut contribuer à développer les voies d’accès efficaces au PAFA vers les études post-secondaires. Cette recension des écrits a été réalisée pour synthétiser et découvrir les thèmes émergents liés à la compétence en communication interculturelle et au PAFA pendant une période de 20 ans, de 1996 à 2016. Notre recherche a trouvé 15 articles liés à ce sujet. Les articles ont été codés et analysés pour leurs résultats clés afin de révéler huit thèmes principaux : mauvaise communication, ethnocentrisme, acculturation, sensibilisation, ethnorelativisme, identité, enseignement et apprentissage, et réussite scolaire. Les écrits scientifiques limités liés au sujet font ressortir le besoin de recherches supplémentaires. Cependant, les résultats ont indiqué les façons dont les praticiens du PAFA pouvaient s’éloigner des perceptions ethnocentriques et des programmes d’études axés sur l’acculturation vers des compréhensions ethnorelatives et des salles de classe du PAFA qui favorisent la sensibilisation interculturelle des enseignants et des élèves.
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliography
- Atkinson, D. (1999). TESOL and culture. TESOL Quarterly, 33(4), 625-654.
- Basturkmen, H. (2000). Discourse in discussions: A report of markers of detachment and commitment in discussion in university classes (ED438720). Retrieved from Auckland University, ERIC database.
- Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards a developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 21-72). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
- Bennett, M. J. (1998). Intercultural communication: A current perspective. In M. J. Bennett (Ed.), Basic concepts of intercultural communication: Selected readings (pp. 1-34). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
- Bickley, C., Rossiter, M. J., & Abbott, M. L. (2014). Intercultural communicative competence: Beliefs and practices of adult English as a second language instructors. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(1), 135-160.
- Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Clevedon, United Kingdom: Multilingual Matters.
- Campbell, C., MacPherson, S., & Sawkins, T. (2014). Preparing students for education, work, and community: Activity theory in task-based curriculum design. TESL Canada Journal, 31(8), 68-92. Canale, M. (l983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy. In J. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 2-27). London, United Kingdom: Longman.
- Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47.
- Celce-Murcia, M. (2007). Rethinking the role of communicative competence in language teaching. In E. A. Soler & M. P. S. Jorda (Eds.), Intercultural language use and language learning (pp. 41-57). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Celce-Murcia, M., Dörnyei, Z., & Thurrell, S. (1995) A pedagogical framework for communicative competence: A pedagogically motivated model with content specifications. Issues in Applied Linguistics 6(2), 5-35. C
- heng, L., & Fox, J. (2008). Towards a better understanding of academic acculturation: Second language students in Canadian universities. The Canadian Modern Language Review 65(2), 307-333.
- Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2013). Facts and figures 2012 -Immigration overview: Permanent and temporary residents: Permanent residents (Ci1-8/2012E-PDF). Retrieved from http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/cic/Ci1-8-2012-eng.pdf
- Clennell, C. (1999). Promoting pragmatic awareness and spoken discourse skills with EAP classes. ELT Journal, 53(2), 83-91.
- Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241-266.
- Deardorff, D. K. (2010). Theory reflections: Intercultural competence framework/model. Retrieved from NAFSA, Association of International Educators: http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/theory_connections_intercultural_competence.pdf
- Deardorff, D. K. (2011). Assessing intercultural competence. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2011(149), 65-79.
- Ellwood, C., & Nakane, I. (2009). Privileging of speech in EAP and mainstream university classrooms: A critical evaluation of participation. TESOL Quarterly, 43(2), 203-230.
- Flowerdew, J., & Peacock, M. (2001). Issues in EAP: A preliminary perspective. In J. Flowerdew & M. Peacock (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 8-24). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
- Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada. (2014). Canada’s international education strategy: Harnessing our knowledge advantages to drive innovation and prosperity (Cat. No.: FR5-86/2014). Retrieved from http://international.gc.ca/global-markets-marches-mondiaux/assets/pdfs/overview-apercu-eng.pdf
- Galante, A. (2014). Developing EAL learners’ intercultural sensitivity through a digital literacy project. TESL Canada Journal, 32(1), 53-66.
- Garcia-Perez, G., Ragoonaden, K., & Campbell, R. (2014). English language learners and intercultural competence. Journal of New Horizons in Education, 4(1) 39-48.
- Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
- Grayson, P. (2008). The experiences and outcomes of domestic and international students at four Canadian universities. Higher Education Research and Development, 27(3), 215-230.
- Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. New York, NY: Random House.
- Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 421-443.
- Hyland, K. (2006). English for academic purposes: An advanced resource book. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
- Hyland, K., & Hamp-Lyons, L. (2002). EAP: Issues and directions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1(1), 1-12.
- Hymes, D. H. (1966). Two types of linguistic relativity. In W. Bright (Ed.), Sociolinguistics (pp. 114-158). The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton.
- Hymes, D. H. (1972). On communicative competence. In J. B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics: Selected readings (pp. 269-293). Harmondsworth, United Kingdom: Penguin.
- Jund, A. (2010). Toward a pedagogy of intercultural understanding in teaching English for academic purposes. The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language, 14(1), 1-13.
- Kennedy, C. (2001). Language use, language planning, and EAP. In J. Flowerdew & M. Peacock (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 8-24). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
- Krahn, H., & Taylor, A. (2005). Resilient teenagers: Explaining the high educational aspirations of visible minority youth in Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 6(3), 405-434.
- Krasnick, H. (1985). Intercultural competence in ESL for adults. JALT Journal, 7(1), 15-41.
- Liu, L. (2007). Acquiring English for academic purposes: Challenges ESL students experience in an English-speaking Canadian university (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Regina, Regina, SK.
- Martin, D. L. (2016). Exploring the relationship between intercultural competence and academic success among English for academic purposes students (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
- Ruhe, V. (1998). E-mail exchanges: Teaching language, culture, and technology for the 21st century. TESL Canada Journal, 16(1), 88-95.
- Sauvé, V. (1996). Working with the cultures of Canada in the ESL classroom: A response to Robert Courchêne. TESL Canada Journal, 13(2), 17-23.
- Singh, P., & Doherty, C. (2004). Global cultural flows and pedagogic dilemmas: Teaching in the global university contact zone. TESOL Quarterly, 38(1), 9-42.
- Spack, R. (1997). The rhetorical construction of multilingual students. TESOL Quarterly, 31(4), 765-774.
- Spiliotopoulos, V., & Carey, S. (2005). Investigating the role of identity in writing using electronic bulletin boards. Canadian Modern Language Review, 62(1), 87-109.
- Statistics Canada. (2012). 2011 Census of population: Linguistic characteristics of Canadians (Publication No. 11-001-X). Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/121024/dq121024a-eng.pdf
- Stoller, F. (1999). Time for change: A hybrid curriculum for EAP programs. TESOL Journal, 8(1), 9-13.
- Sun, Y. (2014, December 15). What is intercultural communicative competence? [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.tesol.org/what-is-intercultural-communicative-competence/
- Thatcher, B. (2004). Rhetorics and communication media across cultures. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3(4), 305-320.
- University of British Columbia. (2011). UBC international strategic plan. Retrieved from https://research.ubc.ca/sites/research.ubc.ca/files/vpri/UBC-intl-strat-plan-2011.pdf