Abstracts
Abstract
As Canadian post-secondary institutions emerge from the pandemic restrictions, they are in a historically unique position to assess how online education has both facilitated and hindered learning, and how the effects might be greater for some. In this study, open-ended comments from the Canadian Digital Learning Research Association 2022 Spring National Survey were analyzed to understand how online and/or hybrid learning both supported equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) and presented EDI-related challenges. The findings were that: (a) online and hybrid learning presents challenges of access for students marginalized by “race,” class, and location; (b) online and hybrid learning supports EDI by increasing access and flexibility; (c) pedagogy and course design are central to ensuring that online and/or hybrid learning supports EDI; and (d) student experiences and expectations around online learning indicate a need for support and flexibility. These findings highlight some of the promises of online and hybrid learning, but they also bring to light some of the challenges. This paper discusses three challenges, access, pedagogy, and technology, as well as flexibility, and recommendations that might begin to address EDI.
Keywords:
- Equity,
- Diversity,
- Inclusion,
- Accessibility,
- Online Learning,
- Hybrid Learning
Résumé
Alors que les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaire canadiens sortent des restrictions liées à la pandémie, ils sont dans une position historiquement unique pour évaluer comment l’éducation en ligne a à la fois facilité et entravé l’apprentissage et comment les effets pourraient être plus importants pour certains que pour d’autres. Dans cette étude, les commentaires ouverts du sondage national du printemps 2022 de l’Association canadienne de recherche en apprentissage numérique ont été analysés afin de comprendre comment l’apprentissage en ligne et/ou hybride soutenait l’équité, la diversité, et l’inclusion (EDI) et présentait des défis liés à l’EDI. Les conclusions étaient les suivantes : (a) l’apprentissage en ligne et hybride présente des défis d’accès pour les élèves marginalisés par la « race », la classe et l’emplacement ; (b) l’apprentissage en ligne et hybride soutient l’EDI en augmentant l’accès et la flexibilité; (c) la pédagogie et la conception des cours sont essentielles pour s’assurer que l’apprentissage en ligne et / ou hybride soutient l’EDI; et (d) les expériences et les attentes des élèves en matière d’apprentissage en ligne indiquent un besoin de soutien et de flexibilité. Ces résultats mettent en évidence certaines des promesses de l’apprentissage en ligne et hybride, mais ils mettent également en lumière certains des défis. Ce document traite de trois défis, l’accès, la pédagogie, et la technologie, et la flexibilité, et les recommandations qui pourraient commencer à aborder l’EDI.
Mots-clés :
- apprentissage en ligne,
- apprentissage hybride,
- accessibilité,
- équité,
- diversité,
- inclusion
Download the article in PDF to read it. Download
Appendices
Bibliography
- Barbour, M. K., LaBonte, R., Kelly, K., Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., Bond, A., & Hill, P. (2020). Understanding pandemic pedagogy: Differences between emergency remote, remote, and online teaching. Canadian eLearning Network. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101905Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bartek, C., Pellegrino, L., Cutler White, C., & Clayton, A. B. (2022). Institutional change to support online learners: A case study for student success. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2022(198), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20516Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Boys, J. (2022). Exploring inequalities in the social, spatial and material practices of teaching and learning in pandemic times. Postdigital Science and Education, 4, 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00267-zGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Brennan, J., Deer, F., Trilokekar, R., Findlay, L., Foster, K., Laforest, G., Wheelahan, L., & Wright, J. (2021). Investing in a better future: Higher education and post-COVID Canada. FACETS, 6(1), 871–911. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0006Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Brown, M., McCormack, M., Reeves, J., Brooks, D. C., & Grajek, S. (with Alexander, B., Bali, M., Bulger, S., Dark, S., Engelbert, N., Gannon, K., Gauthier, A., Gibson, D., Gibson, R., Lundin, B., Veletsianos, G., & Weber, N.). (2020). 2020 EDUCAUSE horizon report: Teaching and learning edition. EDUCAUSE. https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2020/3/2020_horizon_report_pdf.pdf?la=en&hash=08A92C17998E8113BCB15DCA7BA1F467F303BA80Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Canadian Digital Learning Research Association. (n.d.). About. http://www.cdlra-acrfl.ca/digital-learning-canada/Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Carter, L. M., Salyers, V., Myers, S., Hipfner, C., Hoffart, C., MacLean, C., White, K., Matus, T., Forssman, V., & Barrett, P. (2014). Qualitative insights from a Canadian multi-institutional research study: In search of meaningful e-learning. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2014.1.10Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Centre for Teaching, Learning, and Technology—Equity & Inclusion Office. (n.d.). Equity and inclusion in the classroom. Equity, diversity and inclusion in online teaching: Where to begin? University of British Columbia. https://ctlt-inclusiveteaching.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/04/Equity-Diversity-Inclusion-Online-Teaching.pdfGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Facknitz, H. S., & Lorenz, D. E. (2020). Cripping pandemic learning in higher education. CJDS. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348477935_Cripping_Pandemic_Learning_in_Higher_EducationGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Farley, I. A., & Burbules, N. C. (2022). Online education viewed through an equity lens: Promoting engagement and success for all learners. Review of Education, 10(3), Article e3367. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3367Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Government of Canada. (2021, December 31). Progress toward universal access to high-speed Internet. Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/high-speed-internet-canada/en/progress-toward-universal-access-high-speed-internetGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2021). The problem with flexible learning: Neoliberalism, freedom, and learner subjectivities. Learning, Media and Technology, 46(2), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1833920Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Irvine, V., Code, J., & Richards, L. (2013). Realigning higher education for the 21st-century learner through multi-access learning. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(2), 172–186.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Johnson, N. (2020). Evolving definitions in digital learning: A national framework for categorizing commonly used terms. Canadian Digital Learning Research Association. http://www.cdlra-acrfl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-CDLRA-definitions-report-5.pdfGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Johnson, N. (2021a). 2021 national report: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Digital Learning Research Association. http://www.cdlra-acrfl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2021_national_report_en.pdfGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Johnson, N. (2021b). 2021 Special topics report: The growth of online learning and digital learning resources in Canadian post-secondary education. Canadian Digital Learning Research Association. http://www.cdlra-acrfl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021_special-topics_en.pdfGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Manokore, V., & Kuntz, J. (2022). TPACK tried and tested: Experiences of post-secondary educators during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 16(2), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2022.160214Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- McGreal, R., & Anderson T. (2007). E-Learning in Canada. Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 5(1), 1–6. https://auspace.athabascau.ca/bitstream/handle/2149/744/e-learning_in_canada.pdf?sequence=1Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Morgan, T. (2019). Instructional designers and open education practices: Negotiating the gap between intentional and operational agency. Open Praxis, 11(4), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1011Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Pinnguaq. (2023). Computers for success Nunavut (CFSN). https://pinnguaq.com/partner-with-us/cfsn/Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Siergiejczyk, G. (2020). Virtual international exchange as a high-impact learning tool for more inclusive, equitable and diverse classrooms. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 23(1),1–17. https://doi.org/10.2478/eurodl-2020-0001Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Simon, J., Burton, K., Lockhart, E., & O’Donnell, S. (2014). Post-secondary distance education in a contemporary colonial context: Experiences of students in a rural First Nation in Canada. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1357Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Vanleeuwen, C., Veletsianos, G., Belikov, O., & Johnson, N. (2020). Institutional perspectives on faculty development for digital education in Canada. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 46(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt27944Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Veletsianos, G., & Houlden, S. (2020). Radical flexibility and relationality as responses to education in times of crisis. Post Digital Science and Education, 2, 849–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00196-3Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Veletsianos, G., Kimmons, R., Larsen, R., & Rogers, J. (2021). Temporal flexibility, gender, and online learning completion. Distance Education, 42(1), 22–36. http://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1869523Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar

